hairy woodpecker. 
159 
in a groove, and end near the right nostril ; in 
of the first and second year they rea(!h only to 
crown ; hill, an inch long, channelled, wedge-formed 
the tip, and of a dusky horn colour. The female is 
o^kcd nearly as the male, but wants the scarlet on 
throat, which is whitish ; she is also darker under 
wings and on the sides of the breast. The young 
the first season, of both se-ves, in October, have the 
^*"’n sprinkled witli black and deep scarlet; the 
^’‘' let on the throat may he also observed in the young 
^8.1es. The principal food of these birds is insects ; 
N they seem particularly fond of frequenting orchards, 
^tinir the trunks of the apple trees in their eager 
*»rch after them. On opening them, the liver appears 
larn-e, and of a dirty gamboge colour ; the stomach 
“'■ongly'’niuscular, and generally filled \vith fragments 
'^^**cetles and o-ravel. In the morning they are extremely 
in the“orchards, and rather shyer than the rest 
« their associates. Their cry is also different, but, 
f ®Ugh it is easily distinguishable in the woods, cannot 
described by words. 
PICVS VILLOSUS, LINXiEUS. — HAIRY WOODPECKER. 
'''■'Son, PL. IX. J-IG. HI. MALE. EMKBDEGH COLLEGE MUSEUM. 
r ^His is another of our resident birds, and, like the 
. *hter, a haunter of orchards and borer of apple trees, 
... *ager huater of insects, their eggs and lar\ le in old 
and old rails, in rotten branches and crevices of 
bark ; havinv all the characters of the woodpecker 
^tcongiy marked. In the month of May he retires 
|,^b his mate to the woods, and either seeks out a 
i>ich already hollow, or cuts out an opening for 
'boself. In the former ease I have known his nest 
than five feet distant from the mouth of the hole ; 
in the latter he digs first horizontally, if in the 
y of the tree, six or eight inches, and then down- 
'“'d. obtusely, for twice that distance ; carrying up 
