CINCLU3 PALLASII. 
94 
Latham referred it to Turdus. Brisson, mistaking ^ 
affinity the strong and curious analogy which it h ea , 
to the waders, considered it as belonging to the ge' ,l j 
Tringa, (sandpipers.) Bechstein, Illiger, Cuvier, a"® 
all the best modern authorities, have regarded it as t*v 
type of a natural genus, for which they have una'.' 1 ” 
mously retained the name of Cinclus, given by Bechstr'C 1 
Vieillot alone dissenting, and calling it Hydrobata. 
highly characteristic name, notwithstanding its clo s? 
resemblance in sound and derivation to one alreiw 
employed by Illiger, as the name of a family, appears tl ] 
be a great favourite with recent ornithologists, as tb e ) 
have applied it successively to several different genei* 
and Temminck has lately attempted to impose it on w 
genus of ducks which l had named Fuligula. In o?' 
system, the genus Cinclus must take its place ^ 
the family Canori, between the genera Turdus a”® 
Myiothera. , 
The dippers, or water ouzels, are well distinguish^ 
by their peculiarly shaped bill, which is compress t- 
subulate, slightly bent upwards, notched, and with b® 
edges bent in, and finely denticulated from the middtJJ 
but more especially, by tlieir long, stout, perfect' 
smooth tarsi, with the articulation exposed, a charact*’ 
which is proper to the order of waders, of which t h e ' 
have also the habits, nay, are still more aquatic than a"- 
of them. Their plumage also being thick, comp* 11 ' 1 ' 
and oily, is impermeable to water, as much so as tb* 1 
of the most decidedly aquatic web-footed birds; *° r ' 
when dipped into it, that fluid runs and drops from 
surface. Their head is Hat, with the forehead low , 
narrow ; the neck is stout; the body short and comp» ct ’ 
the nostrils basal, concave, longitudinal, half covered W 
a membrane; tongue cartilaginous and bifid at tip 
Their wings are short and rounded, furnished with , 
very short spurious feather, and having the third s' 1 ] 
fourth primaries longest; the tail short, even, a " 
composed of wide feathers; the nails large and robus” 
the lateral toes are subequal, the outer united at base 1 
the middle one, the hind toe being short and rob° s ' 
