SCI^ 
lary comtnanders wear for ornament. It is 
borne somewhat like a battoon sinister, but 
is broader than it, and is continued out to 
the edges of the field ; whereas the battoon 
is cut oflF at each end. 
SCARUS, in natural history, a genus of 
fishes of the order Thoracici. Generic cha- 
racter : instead of teeth, strong bony pro- 
ces.ses, crenated at the edges ; gill-mem- 
brane five-rayed ; lateral line mostly branch- 
ed. There aie eight species ; S. fivulatus, 
is found in the Red Sea, about the length 
of three feet. It feeds on herbs, and is 
used for food; but any puncture, or lacera- 
tion, by the dorsal spine of this fish is said 
to be attended with extraordinary pain and 
inflammation. The other species are mostly 
inhabitants of the same sea. 
SCAVAGE, a toll or custom anciently 
exacted by mayors, sheriffs, and bailiffs, of 
cities and towns-corporate, and of merchant- 
strangers, for wares exposed and offered to 
sale within their liberties ; which was pro- 
hibited by 19 Henry VII. But tlie City of 
London still retains this custom. 
SCENOGRAPHY, in perspective, the 
represep^tion of a body on a perspective 
plane; or, a description thereof in. all its 
dimensions, such as it appears to the eye. 
The ichnography of a building, &c. repre- 
sents its plan, or ground-work ; the ortho- 
graphy is a view of the front, or one of its 
-sides ; and the scenography is a view of the 
whole building, front, sides, height, and all, 
raised on'the geometrical plan. 
SCEPTRE, in astronomy, one of the six 
new constellations of the southern hemis- 
phere consisting of seventeen stars. 
SCHAALSTONE, in mineralogy, a spe- 
cies of the Calc genus, is of a greyish white 
colour, with varieties: it occurs massive, 
and the lustre of its principal fracture is 
shining and nearly pearly. It is translucent, 
brittle, easily frangible, and not very heavy. 
It has hitherto been found only in the Ban- 
nat of Temeswar, and is accompanied by 
ores of copper. It is composed of lime and 
silica. 
SCHAUM earth, or Foaming earth, in 
mineralogy, a species of the Calc genus, is 
of a very light yellowish, nearly silver white 
colour, approaching sometimes to greyish- 
white. It occurs massive and disseminated, 
sometimes loose and composed of fine scaly 
particles, or intermediate between friable 
and loose. Its lustre is between shining 
and glistening. It is soft, friable, fine, but 
not greasy. With acids it effervesces and is 
dissolved in them. By analysis it is found 
VOL. VI. 
SCH 
to be composed of lime and carbonic acid. 
It is nearly allied to slate-spar, and is found 
in the forest of Thuringia, also in the north 
of Ireland. 
SCHEFFLERA, in botany, so named in 
honour of Scheffer, physician and botanist 
at Dantzic, a genus of the Pentandria De- 
cagynia class and order. Essential charac- 
ter : calyx five-toothed ; corolla five-petal- 
led ; capsule eight or ten celled ; seeds soli- 
tary, semicircular. There is only one spe- 
cies, viz. S. digitata, a native of New Zea- 
land. 
SCHEME, a draught or representation 
of any astronomical or geometrical figure, 
or problem, by lines sensible to tlie eye ; or 
of the celestial bodies in their proper places 
for any given moment. It is otherwise call- 
ed a diagram, r 
SCHEUCHZERIA, in botany, so named 
in memory of John Scheuchzer, professor 
of physic at Zurich, a genus of the Hex- 
andria Trigynia class and order. Natural 
order of Tripetaloidese. Junci, Jussieu. 
Essential character : calyx six-parted ; co- 
rolla none ; styles none ; capsule three, in- 
flated, one-seeded. There is but one spe- 
cies, viz. S. palustris, a native of the North 
of Europe. 
SCHIEFER spar, one of the species of 
carbonate of lime. It is of a grey colour 
passing to red, and even in some specimens 
to green. It is found massive ; the texture 
is foliated; it is brittle; feels unctuous; 
and may be scratched with the nail. Spe- 
cific gravity 2.7. It is composed of carbo- 
nate of lime, w'ith some silica, and oxide of 
iron. 
SCHILLER stone, in mineralogy, a spe- 
cies of the Talc genus, of an olive green : 
usually disseminated and massive, probably 
also crystallized. Lustre shining, passing 
into semi-metallic : fracture perfectly foliate. 
Soft, slightly brittle, easily frangible, and 
not particularly heavy. It occurs imbedded 
in serpentine; and is frequently accompanied 
with mica. It is found in Saxony, Corn- 
wall, and Scotland. 
SCHINUS, in botany, a genus of the 
Dioecia Decandria class and order. Natural 
order of Dumosm. Terebintace®, Jussieu. 
Essential character : calyx five-parted ; pe- 
tals five: female, berry three-celled. There 
are two species, viz. S. molle, Peruvian mas- 
tich tree,and S.areira, Brasilian mas tich tree. 
SCHISTUS, in mineralogy, a name given 
to several different kinds of stones, but 
more especially to some of the argillaceous 
kind ; as, i. The bluish purple schistus, 
