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SAL 
named the super-tartrite of potash ; and 
borax, the sub-borate of soda. - 
SALVADORA, in botany, a genus of 
the Tetrandria Monogynia class and order. 
Natural order of Atriplices, Jussieu. Es- 
sential character : calyx four-cleft ; corolla 
four-cleft ; berry one-seeded ; seed covered 
with an aril. There are three species found 
in China. 
SALVAGE money, a reward allowed by 
the civil and statute law, for the saving of 
ships or goods from the danger of the seas, 
pirates, or enemies. Where any ship is in 
danger of being stranded, or driven on 
shore, justices of the peace are to com- 
mand the constables to assemble as many 
persons as are necessary to preserve it; 
and on its being preserved by their means, 
the persons assisting therein shall, in thirty 
days after be paid a reasonable reward for 
the salvage, otherwise the ship or goods 
shall remain in the custody of the officers 
of the customs, as a security for the same. 
SALVIA, in botany, sage, a genus of the 
Diandria Monogynia class and order. 
Natural order of Verticillatae. Labiatae, 
Jussieu, Essential character: corolla un- 
equal ; filaments fastened transversely to a 
pedicle. There are seventy-nine species. 
This extensive genus consists of herbs or 
under shrubs ; the flowers are from one to 
three together from a bracte, or a leaf, fre- 
quently in spikes. S. oflacinalis, or common 
large sage, which is cultivated in gardens, of 
which there are the following varieties ; 1. 
The common green sage. 2. The wormwood 
sage. 3. The green sage with a variegated 
leaf. 4. The red sage. 5. The red sage 
with a variegated leaf. These are acci- 
dental variations, and therefore are not 
enumerated as species. The common sage 
grows naturally in the southern parts of 
Europe, but is here cultivated in gardens 
for use ; but the variety with red or black- 
ish leaves is the most common jn the British 
gardens: and the wormwood sage is in 
greater plenty here than the common green- 
leaved sage, which is but in few gardens. 
S. auriculata, common sage of virtue, 
which is also well known in the gardens and 
markets. The leaves of this, are narrower 
than those of the common sort ; they are 
hoary, and some of them are indented on' 
their edges towards the base, which inden- 
tures have the appearance of ears. 
SALVINIA, in botany, a genus of the 
Cryptogamia Miscellaneae class and order. 
Generic character : male, flowers four to 
nine, among whorled roots, heaped into a 
SAL 
little ball ; calyx sub-globular, pubescent, 
one-celled, consisting of a double mem. 
brane ; corolla none, unless it be the inner 
membrane of the calyx ; stamen an up- 
right pillar, placed on the base of the calyx : 
female, in the middle of the ball, solitary; 
calyx and corolla as in the males ; pistils ; 
germs about fifteen, obliquely ovate, blunt, 
rugged with dots, each on distinct pedicles, 
fastened to the bottom of the calyx ; style 
none ; stigma a dot on the top of thq germ ; 
pericarpium none ; seeds as many as there 
are germs, and of the same form. The 
male and female flowers may be distin- 
guished in the dry plant before the calyxes 
open, by the size of the protuberant grains. 
SALUTATION, the act of saluting, 
greeting, or paying respect and reverence 
to any one. There is a great variety in the 
forms of salutation. The orientals salute 
by uncovering their feet, laying their hands 
on their breasts, &c. In England, we sa- 
lute by uncovering the head, bending the 
body, &c. The pope formerly paid reve- 
rence to none except tlie emperor, to 
whom he stooped a very little, when he per- 
mitted him to kiss his lips. A prince, or per- 
son of extraordinary quality, is saluted at 
his entering a garrison by the firing of the 
cannon round the place. In the field, when 
a regiment is to be reviewed by a king, 
or his general, the drums beat as he ap- 
proaches, and the officers salute him one 
after another, as he passes by, stepping 
back with the right foot and hand, bowing 
their half pikes to the ground, and then re- 
covering them gently, bi’inging up the foot 
and hand, and planting them ; which done, 
they pull off their hats without bowing. 
The ensigns salute all together, bringing 
down their colours near the ground directly 
before them at one motion, and having 
taken them up again, gently lift their hats. 
At sea, they salute by a discharge of can- 
non, which is greater or less, according to 
the degree of respect they would show ; 
and here ships always salute with an odd 
number of guns, and galleys witli an even 
one. To salute with muskets is to fire one, 
two, or three vollies ; which is a method of 
salutation that sometimes precedes that of 
cannon, and is chiefly used on occasion of 
feasts. After the cannon, they also some- 
times salute or hail with the voice, by a 
joint shout of all the ship’s company, re- 
peated three times; which salutation also 
occasionally obtains where they carry no 
guns, or do not care to discharge any. Sa- 
luting with the flag is performed two ways. 
