SAL. 
erected bend-ways, standing so as that liis 
right fore-foot is the dexter chief point, and 
his hinder left foot is the sinister base point 
of the escutcheon, by which it is distinguish- 
ed from rampant. 
SALIC, or Salique law, an ancient 
and fundamental law of the kingdom 
of France, usually supposed to have been 
made by Pharamond, or at least by Clovis, 
in virtue whereof males are only to in- 
herit. 
SALICORNIA in hoiaxiy, jointed glass- 
wort, a genus of the Monandria Monogynia 
class and order. Natural order of Holo- 
raceae. Atriplices, Jussieu. Essential cha- 
racter : calyx, ventricose, entire ; petals 
none ; stamens one or two ; seed one cover- 
ed by the calyx. There are nine species, 
of which the most remarkable is the S. 
perennis, with a shrubby branching stalk, 
which grows naturally in Sheppey island. 
They are perennial, and produce their 
flowers in the same manner as the former. 
The inhabitants near the sea-coasts where 
these plants grow, cut them up toward the 
latter end of summer, when they are fully 
grown : and after having dried them in the 
sun, they burn them for their ashes, which 
are used in making of glass and soap. These 
herbs are by the country people called 
kelp, and promiscuously gathered for use. 
SALISBURIA, in botany, so named in 
honour of Richard Anthony Salisbury, a 
genus of the Mouoepia Polyandria class and 
order. Essential character: male, amenta- 
ceous; anthers incumbent, deltoid : female, 
sohtary; calyx four cleft; drupe with a 
triangular shell. There is only one species, 
viz, S. adiantifolia. 
SALIVA. The saliva which is secreted 
by peculiar glands, and which flows into the 
mouth, is a clear viscid fluid, without taste 
or smell. It has generally a frothy appear- 
ance, being mixed with a quantity of air. 
Saliva has a strong attraction for Oxygen, 
which by trituration it communicates to 
some metallic substances, as mercui-y, gold, 
and silver. When saliva is boiled in water, 
albumen is precipitated, and when it is slow- 
ly evaporated, muriate of soda is obtained. 
A vegetable gluten remains behind, which 
burns with the odour of prussic acid. 
Saliva becomes thick by the action of acids. 
Oxalic acid precipitates lime. Saliva is 
also inspissated by alcohol. It is decom- 
posed by the alkalies ; and the nitrates of 
lead, of mercury, and the silver, precipitate 
muriatic and phosphoric acids. By distil- 
lation in a retort, it froths up, affords nearly 
SAL 
four-fifths of its quantity of water almost 
pure, a little carbonate of ammonia, some 
oil; and an acid. What remains behind 
consists of muriate of soda, phosphate of 
soda and of lime. 
SALIX, in botany, willow, a genus of the 
Dioecia Diandria class and order. Natural 
order of Amentaceae. Essential character : 
calyx ament, composed of scales; corolla 
none : • male, nectary a melliferous gland : 
female, style bifid ; capsule one celled, two 
valved ; seeds downy. There are fifty- 
three species ; of which we may notice the 
following : the S. caprea, or common sallow- 
tree, grows to but a moderate height, having 
smooth, dark-green, brittle branches ; oval, 
waved, rough leaves, indented at top, and 
woolly underneath. It grows abundant- 
ly in this country, but more frequently in 
dry than moist situations. It is of a brittle 
nature, and unfit for the basket-makers ; but 
will serve for poles, stakes, and to lop for fire- 
wood : and its timber is good for many pur- 
poses. The S. alba, white, or silver-leaved 
willow, grows to a great height and con- 
siderable bulk, having smooth, pale-green 
shoots; long, spear-shaped, acuminated, 
sawed, silvery-white leaves, being downy 
on both sides, with glands below the ser- 
ratus. This is the common white willow, 
which grows abundantly about towns and vil- 
lages, and by the sides of rivers and brooks, 
&c. S. fragiles, fragile or crack willow, 
rises to a middling stature, with brownish, 
very fragile, or brittle branches ; long, oval, 
lanceolate, sawed, smooth leaves of a shining 
green on both sides, having dentated glan- 
dular foot-stalks. This sort in particular 
being exceedingly fragile, so that it easily 
cracks and breaks, is unfit for culture in 
osier-grounds. S. Babylonica, Babylonian 
pendulous Salix, commonly called weeping 
willow, grows to a largish size, having nu- 
merous, long, slender, pendulous branches, 
hanging down loosely all round in a curious 
manner, and long; narrow, spear-shaped, 
serrated, smooth leaves. This curious wil- 
low is a native of the East. 
All the species of Salix are of the tree 
kind, very hardy, remarkably fast growers, 
and several of them attaining a considerable 
stature when permitted to run up to stand- 
ards. They are usually, of the aquatic 
tribe, being generally the most abun- 
dant, and of most prosperous growth, in 
watery situations ; they, however, will 
grow freely almost any vyhere, in any com- 
mon soil and exposure ; but considerably 
the fastest and strongest in low moist land. 
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