SHIP BUILDING. 
the rabbit in the direction of the ribband 
Sine, in the body plan, and sweep an arcli 
from the half tliicli.ness of tlie stem, in 
the half breadth plan, and the back of 
the archi will be its ending forward ; the 
ending abaft is so nearly t!te same, only that 
the heights are taken up the halt thickness 
of the post in the body plan, and transfer- 
red to the aft side of the rabbit of the post 
in the sheer plan ; proceed as belore, now 
draw a curve line through all the half 
breadths, and intersecting the back of each 
arch, the ribband line at the floor head will 
be represented in the half breadth plan. 
In the same manner all the ribband lines may 
be represented. These lines will also prove 
the fairness of the bodies, but horizontal 
water lines should always have the pre- 
ference, as they cut the body in a more 
acute direction, and its unfairness would 
be more readily discover ed, for it is possi- 
ble to have fair ribband lines to appearance, 
and the body itself remain unfair. 
Hitherto the timbers have only been con- 
sidered as perpendicular to the upper side 
of the keel, and square from the plane of 
elevation, or sheer plan, and hence called 
squkve timbers. But forward and aft in 
the turn of the body, they are canted, that 
is, they incline aft towards the middle line 
in the fore body, and forward in the after 
body in tlie lialf breadth plan, or form ob- 
tuse angles to the plane of elevation ; the 
utility, of this is to straighten the form of 
the timbers, and reduce the bevellings, both 
highly essential in the conversion. Now 
to determine the situation of the cant tim- 
bers in the fore body, the foremost cant 
timber, which is Y, should be so canted as 
to stand square with the main breadth line 
as possible, therefore it will be on that line 
before timber S, 15 feet 2 inches on a straight \ 
line, and at the side of the deadwood, which 
is 8 inches from, and parallel to, the middle 
line of the half breadth plan, 4 feet 10 inches 
before S ; then the after cant timber, which 
is P, is before O at the main breadth, 2 
feet 9 inches, and at the side of the dead- 
wood, 2 feet 4 inches, draw straight lines 
to those spots, and the cant of the foremost 
cant timbptf Y, and the after one P, will be 
represented on the half breadth plan, the 
intermediate ones, which are 7", may be 
dravl'n by equally dividing them at the 
dead-wood, between those already drawn, 
to where they shall intersect their respec- 
tive square timbers at the main breadth 
line, as here they remain at the same sta- 
VOL VI. 
tion unless they are moved to make the 
side of a port. 
The cant timbers in the after body may 
next be described in the half breadth plan, 
in order to which the cant of the fashion- 
piece, or after-timber, must first be deter- 
mined, observing, as in the fore body, to 
let it cast as nearly as possible square from 
the body at that place. Now as the fashion- 
piece comes against the fore side of the 
transoms, the wing transoms must be drawn 
in the half breadth plan, thus set off from 
the middle line in the half breadth plan at 
timber 36, 16 feet 6 inches the half breadth 
of the wing transom, from thence level out 
a line aft, then, from the sheer plan, square 
down the aft-side of the wing transom at 
the post to the middle line in the half 
breadth plan, and at the side, on to the line 
last levelled out, then an arch drawn through 
these two spots, whose centre of radius is 
in the middle line, will represent the aft- 
side of the wing transom. Then draw in a 
horizontal line, in the half breadth plan, from 
a line at the side of the wing transom trans- 
ferred from the sheer to the body plan, 
which is similar to a water line, then, from 
the aft-side of the transom, set forward upon 
the line last drawn, about 16 inches, and 
that is the aft-side of the fashion piece at that 
place ; then let the heel of it, setting off the 
half thickness of the dead wood as before, 
be setoff before timber 36, 6 feet 2 inches, 
a line drawn through those spots is the 
aft-side appearance of the cant fashion piece ; 
then set off the cant of the foremost cant 
timber, which is 29, thus, abaft square 
timber 28, set off 2 feet 9 inches on the 
main breadth line,' and 22 inches at the 
side of the dead wood, drawing a line 
which will represent the foremost cant tim- 
ber, 29 ; then equally divide the heels of 
seven more on the dead wood between 
those already drawn, and likewise on the 
main breadth line and the joints oT all the 
cant timbers, will be represented in the 
half breadth plan. 
It was observed above, that the wing 
transom was limited by the aft-side of the 
fashion piece, and so are all the other 
transoms, unless to assist their conversion 
by shortening those below the deck transom, 
which are six in number, by introducing 
fashion pieces abaft that already described-. 
Now, to complete the sheer plan, let the 
stern timber, or shape of the stern at the 
aft-side, be described thus, draw aft an ho- 
rizontal line at the upper side of the wing 
