SHIP BUILDING. 
sheer, corresponding with the fore side of 
the beak-head and it is complete. 
The stations of the head timbers may 
next be drawn thus : place the stem tim- 
ber, or that nearest the stem, which is 7 
inches, sided half its siding before the stem, 
and parallel to it, from the upper side of the 
upper cheek, to the under side of the main- 
rail ; then fix the fore side of the foremost 
head timber on the upper side of the upper 
cheek, well with the heel of the figure, rak- 
ing it forward its siding, which is 5 inches. 
The middle timber, which is sided 6 inches, 
may be now dra^vn exactly betw'een the 
former two. 
The two middle rails, between the main- 
rail and upper cheek, may be next drawn, 
by dividing the distance, equally between 
the latter at every head timber, curves then 
drawn, regularly tapering, as before, to their 
mouldings ; tliey may be thus represented, 
as far aft as the side, w'hich terminates tire 
after-end of the lower rail, about two feet 
abaft the stem timbers ; and it may be 
now said, the rail above it also, as most 
ships now have the supporters under the 
cat-heads, to bang plumb, or nearly so ; and 
although this may not finish quite so hand- 
some as the rail continuing aft, and making 
the supporter, yet it is much stronger for 
supporting the cat-heads ; but we shall here 
describe its method of ending, as has been 
usual, and the cat-head must be shown in the 
sheer plan ; and in order to do this, it must 
be first drawn in the half breadth plan; 
thus square down the aft-side of the main- 
rail, or bsak-heqd timber, from the sheer to 
the half breadth plan, squaring it across ; 
and another line, 18 inches abaft it, which 
will be the fore-side, and the latter, the 
after side of the cat-head, as upon the fore- 
castle; then from the intersection of the 
fore side of the cat-head, with the outside 
plank, at the top-timber, half breadth, or 
upper side of the forecastle, at the side 
sweep a carve, at 9 feet distant, or without 
the bow; for at this place the cat-head cuts 
the sheer; then square up a line that shall 
cut the arch last drawm, at a feet before 
the fore side of the cat head ; then a line 
drawn from its intersection, to where .the 
fore side of the cat-head cuts the outside 
plank, shows what the cat-head casts for- 
ward ; then a parallel line, drawm at 18 
inches abaft if, on a square, will be the aft 
side, and to complete the cat-head on the 
hah breadth plan, square the outer end. 
Now square upwards to the forecastle on 
the sheer plan, where the aft side of the 
cat-Lead cuts the outside plank on the half 
breadth plan, and likewise its outer ends • 
then level out a line where the cat-head 
cuts the upper side , of the forecastle ; at the 
side above this line set up 3 feet 10 inches 
on the perpendicular, squared up for the aft 
. side at the outer end ; then from that spot 
draw a line to intersect the aft side of the 
cat-head at the forecastle ; and that will be 
the under side of the cat-head, showing 
what it -stives in its length upwards ; then 
draw a parallel line above that to 16i inches, 
and the aft side of the cat-head will be 
shown ; then join the perpendiculars at the 
outer end, agreeably to the sheer, and draw 
a line at tlie fore side, parallel to the aft 
side, and the under side of the cat-head will 
be represented. In the half breadth plan, 
draw the supporter under the cat-head, 
what it is to project the bow, which is 6 
feet 6 inches, and its siding 10 inches, plac- 
ing it in the middle of the cat-head ; then 
square up its length and aft side to the un- 
der side of tiie cat-head, in the sheer plan, 
and draw a line parallel to the aft side of 
the cat-head, from thence to the side its 
distance from the aft side of the cat-head. 
Then continue upwards the under side 
of the upper middle rail, with a curve 
parallel, or nearly so, to tlie aft side of 
tlie main rail ; then draw the outer end 
of the supporter to the shape of a knee, and 
finish thereto the after end of the upper 
middle rail with a pleasing curve, resem- 
bling the after end of the main rail. 
The knee of the head, or cutwater, re- 
mains now to be described. Let it project 
from the seating of the figure about 3 inches, 
which is at 35 feet 6 inches above the upper 
side of the keel ; tlien draw a line across to 
the hair bracket with the sheer, and con- 
tinue the upper side of the knee, or its cut- 
ting down, about 4 inches above, and paral- 
lel to the upper side of the upper cheek. 
Observe, in shaping the fore part of the 
knee downwards, it be not too full, as it is 
then liable to rub the cable very much ; 
therefore let it not project; the foreside of 
the low'er cheek only to have sufiicient sub- 
stance for the bobstay holes, which are 4 
inches diameter. When the lower side of 
the lower cheek cuts the foreside of the 
stem, with a radius of 5 feet 4 inches, sweep 
an arch ; then draw a handsome serpentine 
line from its projection, at the seat of 
the figure, downwards, that may cut the 
back of the arch last drawn, and its breadth 
at the upper water line, which is two feet 
before the stem at that place, continuing it 
downwards, nearer the stem, until it forms 
the gripe, w'hicli partakes of a circle of 4 
