SPA 
tinoHS parts of animal subsanoes till the 
watery parts are evaporated. This species 
of soup is chiefly used at sea, and has been 
found of great advantage. Tlie following 
receipt v/iil show how it is prepared : Of 
calves feet take four, leg of beef twelve 
pounds, knuckle of veal three pounds, and 
leg ot mutton ten pounds. These are to 
be boiled in a suflicient quantity of water, 
and the scum taken off as usual ; after 
which the soup is to be separated from the 
meat by straining and pressure. The meat 
is then to be boiled a second time in other 
water ; and the two decoctions, being added 
together, must be left to cool, in order that 
the fat may be exactly separated. The 
soup must then be clarified with five or six 
whites of eggs, and a sufficient quantity of 
common salt added. The liquor is then 
.stiained through flannel, and evaporated 
on the water-biith to the consistence of a 
very thick paste'; after which it is spread 
rather thin upon a smooth stone, then cut 
into cakes, and lastly dried in a stove till it 
becomes brittle : t!ie,se cakes are kept in 
well-closed bottles, flhe same process may 
bo used to make a portable soup of the 
flesh of poultry ; and aromatic herbs may 
be used as a seasoning, if thought proper. 
These tablets, or cakes, may be kept four or 
fiveyfears: when intended to be used, the 
quantity of half an ounce is put into a 
large glass of boiling water, wliicli is to be 
covered, and set upon hot ashes for a quar- 
ter of an hour, or until the whole is entirely 
dissolved. It forms an excellent soup, and 
requires no addition but a small quantity of 
salt. 
SOUTHING of the Moon, the time at 
which the. Moon passes the meridian of any' 
particular place. 
SOW, in zoology, the female of the hog- 
kind. See Sus. 
Sow, ill the iron-works, iJie name of the 
block or lump of metal they work at once 
in tlie iron furnace. The size of these sows 
of iron is very different, even from the same 
workmen, and the same furnace. These 
furnaces havjng sand stones for their iiearths 
and sides up to the height of a yard, and 
the rest being made of brick, the hearth 
by the force of the fire is continually grow- 
ing w'ider, so that if it at first contains as 
much metal as will make a sow of six or 
seven hundred w'eight, it will at last con- 
tain as much as will iiiake a sow of two 
thousand weight. 
SPACE, is defined by Mr. Lpeke, to be 
a simple idea, which we attain both by pur 
SPA 
siglit and tpueb. The medes whereef are 
distance, capacity, extensipn, duration, &c. 
Space, considered barely in length between 
two bodies, is the same idea which we have 
of distance. If it be considered in length, 
breadth, and thickness, it is properly called 
capacity; when considered between the 
extremities of matter which fills the capa- 
city of space, with something solid, tangi- 
ble, and moveable, it is then called exten- 
sion, so that extension is an idea belonging 
to a body, but sp^ce, it is plain, may be 
conceived without it. Each different dis- 
tance is a different modification of space, 
and each idea of any dift'erent space is a 
simple mode of this idea : such are an inch, 
foot, yard, &c. which are the ideas of cer- 
tain stated lengths, which men settle in 
their minds for the use, and by the custom 
ot measuring. When these ideas are made 
familiar to men’s thoughts, they can repeat 
them as often as they will, witliont joining 
to them the idea of body, and frame to 
themselves the ideas of feet, yards, or fa- 
thoms, beyond the utmost bounds of all 
bodies, and by adding these still pne to an- 
other, enlarge their idea of space as much 
as they please. From this powder of re- 
peating any idea of distance without ever 
coming to an end, we come by the idea of 
immensity. Another modification of space 
is taken from the relation of the termina- 
tion of the parts of extension, or circum- 
scribed space, amongst themselves; and 
this is what we call figure. This the touch 
discovers in sensible bodies, whose extremi- 
ties come within our reach; and the eye 
takes, both from bodies and colours, whose 
boundaries are within its. view; where ob- 
serving how the extremities terminate, ei- 
ther in straight lines, which meet at ’dis- 
cernible angles ; or in crooked ones, where- 
in no angles can be perceived; by consi- 
dering these as they relate to one another 
in all parts of the extremities of any body 
or space, it has that idea we call figure 
which affords to the mind infinifa variely! 
Another mode belonging to this head isj 
that of place. There is another mode of 
space, the idea of which we get from the 
fleeting and perpetually perishing parts of 
succession, which we call diiiation. Space 
is usually divided into absolute and rela- 
tive. Absolute space is that considered in 
its own nature, without regard to any thing 
external, which always remains the' same, 
and is infinite and immoveable. Relative 
space, is that moveabJe dimension, or mea- 
sure of the former, which our senses define 
