TEN 
TEN 
palace. They had likewise lands given them 
by the king, the patriarch, and the nobility, 
for their maintenance. At first there were 
blit nine of this order, and the two principal 
persons were, Hugo de Paganis, and Geof- 
frey of St. Omers. About nine years after 
their institution, a rule w'as drawn up for 
them, and a white habit assigned them, by 
Pope Honorius II. About tw’enty years 
after this, in the popedom of Eugenius III. 
they had red crosses sewed upon their 
cloaks, as a mark of distinction ; and in a 
short time they weie increased to about 
three hundred, in their convent at Jerusalem. 
They took the names of Knights Templars, 
because their first lionse stood near the 
temple dedicated to oiir Saviour, at Jeru- 
salem. This order, after having performed 
many great exploits against the infidels, 
became rich and powerful all over Europe ; 
but the knights, abusing their wealth apd 
credit, fell into great disorders and irregu- 
larities. Many crimes and enormities being 
alleged against them, they were prosecuted 
in France, Italy, and Spain ; and at last, t^e 
pope, by his bull of the 22d of May, 1312, 
given in the council of Vienna, pi onounced 
the extinction of the order of Templars, 
and united tlieir estates to the order of St. 
John of Jerusalem. 
TENACITY, a term applied to metals, 
by which is meant the power that a me- 
tallic wire, of a given diameter, has of re- 
sisting, without breaking, the action of a 
weigltt suspended from its extremity. The 
tenacity of different metals is very various: 
an iron wire, of one-t»,nth of an inch in 
diameter, will support, without breaking, 
about 5 cwt. ; whereas one of lead will not 
support 30 lb. 
TENAILLE, in fortification, a kind of 
outwork, resembling a liornwork, but ge- 
nerally somewhat different ; for, instead of 
two demi-bastions, it bears only in front a 
re-entering angle between the same wings 
without flanks and the sides are parallel. 
Tenaille, double orflaiiked, is a work whose 
front consists of four faces, luaking two 
re-entering angles, and three saliant; the 
wings or sides of this work being in like 
manner correspondent in the front of the 
gorge. Tenaille simple, a work having its 
front formed by two faces, which make a 
re-entering angle, the sides rumiiug directly 
parallel from the head to the gorge. Te- 
naille of. the place, is that wliich is com- 
prehended between the points of two neigh- 
bouring bastions ; that is to say, the curtain, 
the two*flanks that are raised on the cur- 
tain, and the two sides of the bastions which 
face one another; so that it is the same 
with what is otherwise called the face of 
the fortress. Tenaille of the foss; is a low 
work raised before the curtain in the mid- 
dle of the fo.ss : it is of three sorts; the first 
is composed of a curtain, two fiaiiks, and 
two faces; the rampart of the curtain, in- 
cluding the parapet and talus, is but five 
fathom thick, but the rampart qf the flanks 
and faces is seven. The .second is com- 
posed only of two faces made on the, lines 
of defence, whose rampart and faces are 
parallel. The third sort differs from the 
•second, only in this, that its rampart is pa- 
rallel to the curtain of the place. All tliree 
sorts are good, and cannot be hurt by the 
besiegers’ cannon, till they are masters of 
the covert w'ay, and have planted their 
cannon there. 
TENANT, signifies one who holds or 
possesses lands or tenements by any kind of 
right, either in fee, for life, years, or at 
will. 
TENCH. See Cyprinus. 
TENDER, in law, is an offer to pay s 
debt, or perform a duty. This is often 
pleaded in an action as a bar to the plain- 
tiff’s recovery ; and where the money de- 
manded by the plaintiff has been tendered 
or offered to him before the conimence- 
nient of the shit, and he has refused to ac- 
cept it, the plaintiff is barred of his action 
and costs. In pleading a tender, the de- 
fendant says, the plainriff ought not to have 
his action, because, except as to so much, 
specifying the sum, he owes nothing to ihe 
plaintiff; and as to that sum, he lias been 
always ready and willing to pay it, and be- 
fore the commencement of the suit ten- 
dered and offered it to the plaintiff, and 
that he refused it ; which sum of money he 
of course brings into dourt, to be paid to 
the plaintiff, if he will accept the same ; and 
this bringing money into court, on a plea of 
tender, is done without a special motion. 
In all other cases, the leave of the court 
must be had, before money can be brought 
into court. The rule under which this leave 
is granted, is, as in the case of an eject- 
ment by a mortgage, founded upon a par- 
ticular act of parliament. In other cases it 
is founded upon the discretionary power 
vested in the court. By the discretionary 
rule it is sometimes ordered, that upon 
bringing money into court all proceedings 
in an action shall be stayed. At other times 
it is ordered, that the money brouglit into 
court shall be struck out of the plaintiff's 
