y^- 
TITHES. 
th« solution adjacent to tlie tin, which by 
degrees will deepen to an amethystine red, 
and extend through the whole liquor. If 
einc be substituted instead of tin, tlie solu- 
tion will be first violet, and at length indigo 
blue. Attempts have been made to alloy 
titanium with other metals but without suc- 
cess. The white oxide, and also titanite, 
in substance, are said to afford, when mixed 
with enamel flux, a straw yellow colour ; 
and we are informed that it has been used 
in the porcelain manufactory at S6vres, as 
an ingredient in rich browns; but the diffi- 
culty of obtaining a regular and uniform tint; 
has at length occasioned it to be abandoned. 
TITHES, are the tenth part of the in- 
crease, yearly, arising and renewing from 
the profits of lands, the stock upon lands, 
and the personal industry of the inhabitants. 
And hence they are usually divided into 
three kinds; praedial, mixed, and personal. 
Praedial tithes, are such as arise merely and 
immediately from the ground, as grain of 
all sorts, hay, wood, fruits, herbs. For a 
piece of land, or ground, being called in 
Latin pradium, whether it be arable, mea- 
dow, or pasture, the fruit or produce there- 
of is called prsedial, and consequently the 
tithe payable for such annual produce, is 
called a praedial tithe. 
Blixed tithes, are those which arise not 
immediately from the ground, but from 
things immediately nourished from the 
ground; as by means of goods depastured 
thereupon, or otherwise nourished with 
the fruits thereof; as colts, calves, lambs, 
chickens, milk, cheese, eggs. 
Personal tithes, are sucli as arise from the 
honest labour and industry of man, employ- 
ing himself in some personal work, artifice, 
or negotiation ; being the tenth part of the 
clear gain, after charges deducted. 
Tithes, witli respect to value, are divided 
into great and small : great tithes, as corn, 
hay, wood ; small tithes, as the praedial tithes 
of other kinds, together with those that are 
mixed and personal. 
Tithes of common right belong to that 
church, within the precincts of whose parish 
they arise. But one person may prescribe 
to have tithes within tlie parish of another ; 
and this is what is called a portion of tithes. 
No tithe is due dejure of the produce of 
a mine, or of a quarry ; because this is not 
a fruit of the earth, renewing annually ; 
but is tlie substance of the earth, and has 
perhaps been so for a great number of 
years. But in some places tithes are due 
by custom, of tlie produce of mines. 
No tithe is due of lime: the chalk of 
which this is made being part of the soil. 
Tithe is not due of bricks, which are made 
from the earth itself. Nor of turf, nor of 
gravel ; because both these are part of the 
soil. 
It has been held, that no tithe is due of 
salt, because this does not renew annually. 
But every one of these, and all things of 
the like kind, may by custom become tith- 
able. 
If barren land is converted into tillage, 
no tithe shall be paid for the first seven 
years : but if it be not barren ia its own 
nature, as if it be woodland grubbed and 
made fit for tillage; tithes shall be paid 
presently ; for wood-land is fertile; not 
barren. 
Glebe lands, in the hands of the pdison, 
shall not pay tithe to the vicar, nor being in 
the hands of the vicar, shall tliey pay tithe 
to the parson ; because the churcli shall not 
pay tithes to the church. But if the parson 
let his rectory, reserving the glebe lands, 
he shall pay the tithes thereof to the lessee. 
No tithes are due for houses ; for tithes 
are only due of such tilings as renew from 
year to year. But houses in London are, 
by decree, wliich was confirmed by an act 
of parliament, made liable to the payment 
of tillies. There is likewise, in most an- 
cient cities and boroughs, a custom to pay 
tithes for houses ; without which tlieie 
would be no maintenance in many parishes 
for the clergy. 
As to milis, it is now settled by a decree 
of the House of Lords, upon an appeal from 
a decree of the Court of Exchequer, that 
only personal tithes are due from the occu- 
pier of a corn mill. And the occupier of a 
new elected mill is liable to tithes, although 
such mill is erected upon land discharged 
of titlies. Cro. Jac. 429. 
Agistment, or tlie feeding of cattle, is 
subject to tithe. In the strict sense of the 
word, it means the depasttiriiig of a beast, 
the property of a stranger : but this word 
is constantly used in the books for depas- 
turing the beast of an occupier of land, as 
well as that of a stranger. An occupier of 
land is not liable to pay tithe for the pas- 
ture of hoises, or other beasts, which are 
used in husbandry in the parish in whicli 
they are depastured ; because the tithe of 
corn is by their labour increased. But if 
horses, or other beasts, are used in hnsliaii- 
dry out of the parish in which they de- 
pastured, an agistment tithe is due for them. 
No tithe i* due for the pasture of milek 
