TRE 
either. Trespass signifies going beyond 
what is lawful ; hence it follows, that every 
injurious act is, in the large sense of this 
W'ord, a trespass. But as many injurious 
acts are distinguished by particular names, 
as treason, murder, rape, and other names, 
the legal sense of the word trespass is con- 
fined to such injurious acts as have not ac- 
quired a particular name. Some trespasses 
are not accompanied with any force ; a 
trespass of this sort iS called a trespass upon 
this case ; and the proper remedy for the 
party injured, is by an action upnn the case. 
Other trespasses aie accompanied with 
force, either actual or implied. If a tres- 
pass, which was accompanied with either 
actual or implied force, have been injurious 
to the public, the proper remedy in every 
such case is by an indictment, or by infor- 
mation. And if a trespass that was accom- 
panied with an actual force, have been inju- 
rious only to one or more private persons, 
the offender is in every such case liable to 
ail indictment, or to an information ; for al- 
though the injury has in such case been 
only done to one or more private persons, 
as every trespass accompanied with actual 
force is a breach of the peace, it is to be 
considered and punished as an offence 
against the public. 
A man is answerable for not only his own 
trespass, but that of his cattle also. And 
the law gives the party injured a double re- 
medy in this case, by permitting him to 
distrain the cattle, thus doing damage, till 
the owner shall make him satisfaction. And 
in either of these cases of trespass com- 
mitted on another’s land, either by a man 
himself or his cattle, the action tliat lies is 
the actioti of trespass, with force and arms ; 
for the law always couples the idea of 
force with that Of intrusion upon the pro- 
perty of another. In some cases trespass 
is justifiable; Or rather entry ou another’s 
land or house shall not in these cases be ac- 
counted trespass ; as if a man came there to 
demand or pay money there payable, or to 
execute in a legal manner the process of the 
law. To prevent trifling and vexations 
actions of trespass, it is enacted, by 43 Eliz; 
c. 6, 22 and 23 C harles II. c. 9, and 8 and 
9 William c. 2, that vfhere a jury who try 
an action of trespass give less damages than 
40s. the plaintiff shall be allowed no more 
costs than damages, unless the judge shall 
certify on the back of tlie record, that the 
freehold or title of the land came chiefly in 
question. But if it shall appear, that the 
trespass was wilful and malicious, the pl^- 
TRI 
tiff shall have his full costs. And every 
trespass is wilful, where the defendant has 
been forewarned ; and malicious, wltere the 
intent of the defendant appears to be to 
harass, or injure the plaintiff. 
TRET, in commerce, an allowance made 
for the waste, or the dirt, that may be 
mixed with any commodity, which is always 
four pounds in every one hundred and four 
pounds weight. See Tare. 
TREWIA, in botany, a genus of the 
Monoecia Polyandria class and order. Es- 
sential character : calyx three-leaved; su- 
perior ; corolla none ; capsule tricoccous. 
There is only one species, viz. T. midiflora ; 
this is a lofty tree, with a thick trunk, co- 
vered with an ash-coloured bark ; leaves on 
long round petioles, oblong, ovate, cordate, 
attenuated at the point ; dusky green oa 
tlie upper surface, but brighter on the 
lower ; flowers on round pale green pedun; 
cles, axillary, of an herbaceous colour, void 
of scent. Native of the East Indies. 
TRIAL, the proceeding of a court, of 
law, when the parties are at issue, such as 
the examination of witnesses, &c. to enable 
the court, deliberately weighiiig the evi- 
dence given on both sides, to draw a true 
conclusion, and admmister justice acnord- 
ihgly. 
TRIANDRIA, in botany, the name of 
'the third class in the Linnsean system, con- 
sisting of plants with hermaphrodite flowers, 
which have three stamina or male organs. 
There are three orders in this class derived 
from the number of styles. 
TRIANGLE, in geometry j a figure of 
three sides and three angles. Triangles are 
eithef plane or spherical. A plane triangle 
is contained under three right lineS ; and a 
spherical one is a triangle contained under 
three arches of great circles of the sphere. 
Triangles are denominated, from their 
angles, right, obtuse, and aente. A right- 
angled triangle is that which lias one right 
angle. An obtuse-angled-triangle is such as 
has one obtuse angle. And an acute- 
angled triangle is that Which has all its 
angles acute. 
In every triangle the sines of the sides are 
proportional to the sines of the opposite 
angles ; also the sine of all the three 
angles is equal to two right ones ; and the 
external angle, made by any side produced, 
is equal to the .sura of the two internal and 
opposite angles. Triangles on the same base; 
and having the same heiglit or place, be- 
tween the same parallels, are equal ; also 
triangles on equal bases, and betvveeq the 
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