TRU 
done ffom the ear alone. Hence it ap- 
pears, that a speaking trumpet may be ap- 
plied to the puipose of a hearing trumpet, 
l)y turning the wide end towards the sound, 
and the narrow end to the ear. 
TRUNCATED, in general, is an appel- 
lation given to such things as have, or seem 
to have, their points cut off: thus we say, a 
truncated cone, pyramid, leaf, &c. 
TRUNCHEON, a short staflF, or bat- 
toon, used by kings, generals, and great of- 
ficers, as a mark of their command. 
TRUNDLE, a sort of carriage with low 
wheels, whereon heavy and cumbersome 
burdens are drawn. 
TRUNNIONS, orTiiUNioNS^ apiece 
of ordnance, are those knobs or bunches of 
the gun’s metal, which bear her up on the 
cheeks of the carriage: and hence the 
trunnion-ring is the ring about a cannon, 
next before the trunnions. 
TRUSS, a bundle, or certain quantity of 
hay, straw, &c. A truss of hay is to contain 
fifty six pounds, or half an hundred weight ; 
thirty-six trusses make a load. In June 
and August the truss is to weigh sixty 
pounds, on forfeiture of eighteen shillings 
per truss. 
Truss, in naval affairs, a machine em- 
ployed to pull a lower yard close to its 
mast, and retain it firmly in that position : 
it is rarely employed except in flying top 
gallant sails. It is a ring or traveller which 
encircles the mast, and has a rope fastened 
to its after part, leading downward to the 
top or decks ; by means of which the truss 
may be straitened or slackened at pleasure. 
Truss is also used for a sort of bandage 
or ligature, made of steel, or the like mat- 
ter, wherewith to keep up the parts, in 
those who have hernias or ruptures. 
TRUST, is a right to receive profits of 
land, and to dispose of the land in equity ; 
and one holding the possession and dispos- 
ing thereof at his will and pleasure, are • 
signs of trust. . A trust is but a new name 
given to an use, and invented to evade the 
statute of uses. By statute 29 Charles II. 
c. 3, all declaration or creation of trusts 
shall be manifested by some writing signed 
by the party, or by his last will in writing, 
or else shall be void. And by section 9 of 
the same act, assignments of trusts shall be 
in writing, signed by the party assigning the 
same, or by his last will, or else shall be of 
no eflect. 
By 29 Charles II. all declarations of trusts 
were to be made in writing : but in the said 
act there is a saving with regard to trusts re- 
VOL. VI. 
TUC 
suiting by implication of law, which are 
left on the footing whereon they stood be- 
fore the act ; now, a bare declaration by 
parol before the act would prevent any re- 
sulting trust. 
If a man purchase lands in another’s 
name, and pay the money, it will be a trust 
for him that paid the money, though there 
be no deed made declaring the trust ther e- 
of ; for the statute of frauds and perjuries 
extends not to trusts raised by operations 
of law. 
TUB, match, in naval affairs ; the half of 
a cask, having notches sawn in its edges, in 
which the lighted matches are placed dur- 
ing action, the bottom being covered with 
water to extinguish any sparks w'hich rrtay 
fall from the match. 
TUBE, in general, pipe, conduit, or 
canal ; a cylinder hollow withiriside, either 
of lead, iron, wood, glass, or other rrratter, 
for the air, or. some other fluid, to have a 
free passage, or conveyance, through. Small 
silver or leaden tubes are frequently used, 
by surgeons, to draw oft' blood, matter, or 
water, from the different parts of the body ; 
they are made of various sizes and shapes. 
Tube, in astronomy, is sometimes used 
for a telescope, or more properly, for that 
part thereof into which the lenses are fitted, 
and by which they are directed and used. 
We have now certain articles in domestic 
use, as toasting-forks, &c, made on the 
principle of telescope tubes. 
TUBULARIA, in natural history, a ge- 
nus of the Vermes Zoophyta class and 
order. Stem tubular, simple or branched, 
fixed by the base ; animal proceeding from 
the end of the tube, and having its head 
crested with tentacula. Twenty-six spe- 
cies have been enumerated. T. magnified ; 
tube simple, whitish; tentacula very nu- 
merous, variegated with red and white. It 
is found in the West Indies, adhering to 
rocks ; and is by far the largest and most 
splendid of its genus : like the rest of its 
tribe, it has the power of withdrawing its 
tentacula within the tube, and the tube 
within the rock on which it resides. It 
connects, as it were, the genera tubularia 
and amphitrite, having the annulated 
wrinkled tube of the one, and the retrac- 
tile tentaculated body of the other. T. tis- 
tulosa inhabits the European, Mediterra- 
nean, and Atlantic Seas ; about three inches 
long, and as thick as common packthread. 
TUCK of a ship, the trussing or gather- 
ing up the quarter under water ; which if 
■she lie deep, makes her have a broad, or, 
