VAI 
or places where they dwell. All these 
sliall be deemed idle and disorderly persons, 
and one justice may coramit'such oltenders 
(being thereof convicted before him, by 
his own view, confession, or oath o"® 
witness,) to the house of correction, to hard 
labour, not exceeding one month. And 
any person may apprehend and carry before 
a Justice, any such persons going from door 
to door, or placing themselves m the streets, 
highways, or passages, to beg alms in the pa- 
rishes or places where they dwell; and it 
they shall resist, or escape from the person 
apprehending them, they shall be punished 
as rogues and vagabonds. And the said 
justice, by warrant under his hand and ^al, 
may order any overseer, where siieh offen- 
der shall be apprehended, to pay five shil- 
lings to any person in such parish or place 
so apprehending them, for every offender 
so apprehended ; to be allowed in his ac- 
counts, or producing the justice’s order and 
the person’s receipt to whom it was paid. 
17 George II. c, 5. The same statute also 
enacts, that such justice shall order the 
person so apprehended to be publicly whip- 
ped by the constable, petit-constable, or 
some other person to be appointed by such 
constable or petit-constable of the place 
where such offender was apprehended, or 
shall order him to be sent to the house ot 
correction ; and by 27 George III. c. 11, 
the common gaol, until the next sessions, or 
for any less time, as such justice shall think 
proper. To defray the expenses of appre- 
hending, conveying, and maintaining rogues, 
vagabonds, and incorrigible rogues, and all 
other expenses necessary, thejustices in ses- 
sions, may cause such sums as shall be neces- 
sary to be raised, in the same manner as the 
general county rate. 17 George III. c. 
VAHLTA, in botany, so named in ho- 
nour of Martin Vahl, regiiis professor of 
botany, at Copenhagen, a genus of the 
Pentandria Digynia class and order. Na- 
tural order of Succulent®. Onagr®, Jus- 
sieu. Essential character': calyx five leav- 
ed; corolla five-petalled ; capsule inferior, 
cne-celled, many-seeded. There is only 
one species, viz. V. capensis, a native of 
the Cape of Good Hope, in sandy places. 
VAIR, in heraldry, a kind of fur, con- 
sisting of divers little pieces, argent, and 
azure, resembling a Dutch U, or a bell- 
glass. Vairs have their point azure opposite 
their point argent, and the base argent to 
I the base azure. 
VAIRY, Vaire, Verry, or Varry, in 
heraldry, expresses a coat, or the bearings 
VAL 
of a coat, when charged or chequered with 
vairs: and hence, vary cuppy, or vairy- 
tassy, is a bearing composed of pieces re- 
presenting the tops of crutches. 
VALANTIA, in botany, crossicort, a 
genus of the Polygamia Monoecia class and 
order. Natural order of Stellat®. Rubia- 
ce®, Jussieu. Essential character: her- 
maphrodite, calyx none ; corolla four-part- 
ed ; stamens four ; style bifid ; seed one : 
male, calyx none ; corolla three or four- 
parted ; stamens three or four ; pistil obso- 
lete. There are nine species. 
VALENTINIA, in botany, a genus of 
the Octandria Monogynia class and order. 
Essential character : calyx five-parted, co- 
loured, spreading; corolla none, capsule 
berried, four-seeded, pulpy. There is but 
one species, viz, V. ilicitolia, a native ot 
Hispaniola, on the most barren rocks to- 
wards the ocean ; also in Cuba, about the 
Havannah. 
VALERIANA, in botany, valerian, a 
genus of the Triandria Monogynia class and 
order. Natural order of Aggregate. Dip- 
sace®, Jussieu. Essential character : calyx 
none ; corolla one-petalled, gibbous on one 
side of the base, superior; seed one. Therer , 
are thirty-one species. 
VALLISNERIA, in botany, a genus of the 
Dioecia Diandria class and order. Natiu-al 
order of Palm®. Hydrocharides, Jussieu. 
Essential character : male, spathe two-part- 
ed ; spadix covered with floscules ; corolla 
three parted ; female, spathe bifid, one- 
flowered ; calyx three-parted, superior ; 
stigma three-parted : capsule one- celled, 
many-seeded. There are two species, viz. 
V. spiralis, two stamened vallisneria ; and 
V. octandria, eight-stamened vallisneria. 
VALUE, in commerce, denotes the price 
or worth of any thing : hence the intrinsic 
value denotes the real and effective worth 
of a thing, and is used chiefly with regard 
to money, the popular value whereof may 
be raised and lowered at the pleasure of 
the prince ; but its real, or intrinsic value, 
depending wholly on its weight and fine- 
ness, is not at all affected by the stamp or 
impression thereon. 
VALVE, in hydraulics, pneumatics, &c. 
is a kind of lid, or cover, of a tube or ves- 
sel, so contrived as to open one way ; but 
which, the more forcibly it is pressed the 
other way, the closer it shuts the aperture ; 
so that it either admits the entrance of a 
fluid into the tube or vessel, and prevents 
its return ; or admits its escape, and pie* 
vents re-entrance. 
