IJLV 
of the “ Divination upon Arisfeus,” in 1701, 
which he dedicated to the King of France. 
Viviani acquired a good fortune, vrhich he 
laid out in building a magnificent house 
at Florence ; here he placed a bust of Galileo, 
with several inscriptions in honour of that 
great man. He died in 1703, aged 81. 
VIVIPAROUS, in natural history, an 
epithet applied to such animals as bring 
forth their young alive and perfect, in con- 
tradistinction to them that lay eggs, which 
are called oviparous animals. 
ULEX, in botany, yurte or gorse, a genus 
of tlie Diadelphia Decandria class and or- 
der. Natural order of Papilionaceae, or 
Leguminosa;. Essential character; calyx 
two-leaved ; legume scarcely longer than 
the calyx; filaments all connected. There 
are throe sf ecics. 
ULLAGE, in gauging, is so much of a 
cask, or other vessel, as it wants of being 
full. See Gauging. 
ULMUS, in botany, the elm, a genus of 
tlse Pentaiidria Digynia class and order. 
Natural order of Scabridaj. Amentace®, 
Jussieu. Essential character : calyx five- 
cleft, inferior, permanent; corolla none; 
capsule membranaceous, compressed, flat, 
one-seeded. There are seven species, two 
-of which are natives of Biitain, viz, the 
campestris, common elm; and the montana, 
or w'ych elm. All the sorts of elm may be 
eitlier propagated by layers, or stickers, 
taken from the roots of the old trees, the 
latter of which is generally practised by the 
nursery gardeners. The elm delights in a 
stiff strong soil. It is observable, however, 
that here it grows comparatively slow, In 
light land, especially if it is rich, its growth 
is very rapid ; but its wood is light, porous, 
and of little value, compared with that 
which grows upon strong land, which is of a 
closer, stronger texture, and at the heart 
will have the colour, and almost the heavi- 
ness and the hardness, of iron. On such soils 
the elm becomes profitable, and is one of 
the trees which ought, in preference to all 
others, to engage the planter’s attention. 
ULTRAMARINE. This precious co- 
lour, so remarkable for its beauty and dura- 
bility, is a pure deep sky blue. It is capa- 
ble of bearing a low red heat without injury, 
and it is not sensibly impaired by the action 
ot the air and w^eather. It is the colouring 
matter of the mineral already described 
under the name Lazurstein, and appears 
according to an analysis by Klaproth, to 
consist of little else than oxide of iron. 
ULVA, in botany, a genus of the Cryp- 
UNC 
togamia Alg® class and order. Generic 
character ; fructifications are small glo- 
bules, dispersed through a pellucid mem- 
branaceous or gelatinous substance, or 
frond. 
UMBELLIFEROUS plants, arc such as 
have their tops branched and spread out 
like an umbrella ; on each little subdivision 
of which there is grow'ing a small flower ; 
such are fennel, dill, &c, 
UMBER. There are two kinds of 
umber, the one called Cologne umber, is a 
variety of peat or of earthy brown coal. 
There are large beds of it wrought in the 
neighbourhood of Cologne, principally as an 
article of fuel ; a pretty considerable ipian- 
tity is also imported into Holland, where it 
is used in the manufacture, or more pro- 
perly in the adulteration of snuff, for which 
purpose it appears to be better than the 
common peat of the country ; a still smal- 
ler quantity is consumed by the paint- 
makers. The colour of this vegetable um- 
ber is a warm somewhat pinkish brown, and 
is an useful ingredient to the painter in wa- 
ter-coloui-s. The second kind of uinber 
goes by the name ofTurkish umber, and ap- 
pears to be a variety of the iron ore called i 
brown ironstone ochre. A specimen from 
Cyprus was analysed by Klaproth, and af- 
forded him. 
Oxide of iron. 43 
Oxide of manganese 20 
Silex 15 
Alumine.; 5 
AFater 14 
l()(» 
UNCARI.V, in botany-, a genus of the 
Pentandria Monogynia class and order. 
Essential character : corolla salver-shaped . 
germ crowned with a gland ; stigma two- 
grooved; pericarpiurn two-celled, many- 
seeded. Tnere are two species, viz. U . 
inermis, and U. aculeata,. 
UNCL4, in general, a Krtin term de- 
noting the twelfth part of any thing ; parti- 
cularly the twelfth part of a pound, called 
in English an ounce ; or the tw-elfth part of 
a foot, called an inch. 
UNCLE, in algebra, the' nuitibers pre- 
fixed before the letters of the members of 
any power produced from a binomial, resi- 
dual, or mnliinomial root. Thus, in the 
fourth power of viz. -j- 4 & -j- g 
6^ -|- 4 a 6’ -j- b‘>, the unci® are 4, 6, 4 ; 
being the same with what others call co- 
efBcients, See Binomial, Aegebra, &c, 
