UNX 
the schools with all his rivals, and prepar- 
ing himself for the Senate-honse examina- 
tion. 
Having completed this course of natural 
philosophy, we shall next turn our attention 
to the mode adopted in the second head of 
academical studies, or the course of moral 
philosophy in the attainment of this branch. 
The first year is devoted to Locke and 
logic, and the two tbllowing to Paley, 
Hartley, Burlamagni, Rutherford, Clarke 
on the Attributes, and other authors whose 
writings are of a similar tendency, and 
those are made the subjects of various or- 
ders of lectures in the different colleges ; 
lectures on the chronology, geography, laws, 
religious rites and customs of the nations 
which are mentioned in the Old and New 
Testaments, in some degree derived from 
Reausobre, but partly from other sources, 
are also given to promote an accurate know- 
ledge of the foundation of our faith. Un- 
fortunately, although these methods of pro- 
moting the studies of the pupils were wisely 
conceived, and are generally executed 
with great ability and advantage, there 
have been instances of neglect and very 
slight attendance. 
The third head includes the belles lettres, 
or classics, and this of all the variety of 
pursuit seems the most successful in eat'h 
of the colleges, as every term has an appro- 
priate selection of the best for the lecture- 
room, when extracts from the most ap- 
proved authors of antiquity, judiciously 
commented on, and compared with simi- 
lar passages from modern writers, forms a 
source of entertainment highly grateful as 
well as useful. Besides the exertions of 
the tutor in this particular, the students 
deliver either written, or viva voce, compo- 
sitions in their respective chapels weekly, 
which may be in the Latin or English lan- 
guages. The author of the little but valu- 
able work before mentioned, very properly 
observes, that emulation of an honourable 
kind is excited by prizes and rewards in 
most of the colleges, and this emulation is 
not of the dangerous nature too often per- 
ceptible in inferior seminaries, as the first 
man in each year feels his inferiority to 
those a few years older than himself, and 
the pre-eminence over his own year in his 
own college, may receive a most violent 
check in the collision with the rival heads 
of his own standing in fifteen other col- 
leges. 
UNXIA, in botany, a genus of the Synge- 
nesia Polygamia Superflua class and order. 
VOI 
Natural order of Compositte Discoidete, 
Corymbiferm, Jussieu. Essential character” 
calyx five-leaved ; leaflets ovate ; florets of 
both disk and ray five ; seed-down none • 
receptacle naked. There is but one species’ 
VIZ. U. camphorata, a native of Surinam. ’ 
VOICE. The parts employed in the 
production of the voice are, the trachea or 
wind pipe, by which the air passes to and 
from the lungs : the larynx, which is a short 
and cylindrical canal at the head of the 
trachea ; and the glottis, which is a small 
oval chink between two semicircular mem- 
branes, extended horizontally from the en- 
tering side of the larynx. 
The trachea so much resembles a flute 
that the ancients attributed the formation 
of the voice to the trachea, as much as the 
formation of the sound to the body of the 
flute ; and till the commencement of the 
last century, it was generally imagined that 
me trachea had at least a considerable part 
in the production of the voice. M. Dodart 
has established the contrary. He observed, 
that we neither speak nor sing in drawing 
in our breath, but only when we expel that 
which we have inhaled; and that the air 
thus expelled from the lungs passes through 
vessels, which increase in size as their dis- 
tance from the lungs increases ; and finally 
through the trachea, which is the most capa- 
cious of any : so that the air, instead of be- 
ing there confined and increasing in velo- 
city, loses it. But the opening, denomi- 
nated the glottis, being very narrow in 
comparison with the size of the trachea, the 
air can never pass through it without ac- 
quiring a considerable degree of velocity : 
so that the air thus compressed and forced 
on, communicates as it passes a vibratory 
motion to the particles of the two lips of 
the glottis, which produces that effect on 
the air which we call sound. The sound 
thus formed, passes into the cavity of 
the mouth and nostrils, where it reverbe- 
rates ; and Dodart proves, that this rever- 
beration is what principally gives the effect 
to the voice. The different parts of the 
mouth, each m its turn, contributes to these 
reverberations, and modifies them ; and it 
is this mixture of different reverberations, 
well proportioned to one another, which 
produces in the human voice a harmony 
which no instrument can equal. When the 
parts are defective, much of this pleasure is 
lost. It is, then, the cavity of the mouth, 
&c. that more properly answers to the body 
of the flute; the trachea only furnishes the 
ail, like the sound-board of the organ. 
