WIL 
Jier sole and separate use, she may dispose 
of it by will. 
If a feme sole make her will, and after- 
wards marry, such marriage is a legal revo- 
cation of the will. Wills are of two kinds, 
written and verbal ■, the former is most usual 
and secure. 
It is not absolutely necessary that a will 
should be witnessed ; and a testament of 
chattels, written in the testator’s own hand, 
thoush it have neither the testator’s name 
nor seal to it, nor witnesses present at his 
publication, will be good, provided suffi- 
cient proof can be had that it is his hand 
writing. By statute 29 Charles II. c. 3, all 
devises of lands and tenements shall not 
only be in writing, but shall also be signed 
by the party so devising the same, or by some 
other person in his presence, and by his ex- 
press direction, and sliall be witnessed and 
subscribed in the presence of the person 
devising, by three or four credible wit- 
nesses, or else the devise will be entirely 
void, and the land will descend to the heir 
at law. 
A will, even if made beyond sea, be- 
queathing land in England, must be attest- 
ed by three witnesses. 
A. will, however, devising copyhold land, 
does not require to be witnessed" ; it is suf- 
ficient to declare the uses of a surrender of 
such copyhold land made to the use of the 
will. Tile party to w hom tiie land is given 
becomes entitled to it by means of the sur- 
render, and not by the will. 
A codicil is a supplement to a will, or an 
addition made by the person making the 
same, annexed to, and to be taken as part 
of the will itself, being for its explanation 
or alteration, to add something to, or take 
something from, the former disposition, and 
which may also be either written or verbal, 
under the same restrictions as regard wills. 
If two wills are found, and it does not 
appear which was the former or latter, both 
will be void ; but if two codicils are found, 
and it cannot be ascertained which was the 
first, but the same thing is 'devised to two 
persons, botli ought to divide ; but where 
either wills or codicils have dates, the lat- 
ter is considered as valid, and revokes the 
former. See Administrator, Execu- 
tor, Legacy- 
WILLICHIA, in botany, so named in 
honour of Christ. Lud. Willich, a genus of 
the Triandria Monogynia class and order. 
Essential character: calyx four-cleft; co- 
rolla four-cleft; capsule two-celled, many- 
seeded. There is only one species. ; viz. 
repens, found by Mutis iu Mexico,’ 
WIN 
WILLUGHBEIA, in botany, so named 
in memory of Francis Willughby, F. R. S. a 
genus of the Pentandria Monogynia class 
and order. Natural order of Contort®. 
Apocine®, Jussieu. Essential character; 
contoited; corolla salver-shaped; stigma- 
headed ; fruit a one or two-celled berry or 
pumpkin. There are two species ; viz. W. 
acida and W. scaiidens, both natives of 
Guiana. 
Wind. See Meteorology. 
Wind g-ng-e, in pneumatics, an instru- 
ment serving to determine the velocity and 
force of the wind. See Anemometer, 
Anemoscope. ’ 
Hales had various contrivances for 
this purpose. He found, that the air rush- 
ed out of a sniilh’s bellows at the rate of 
685 feet :n a second of time, when com- 
pressed with a force of half a pound upoa 
every square inch lying on the whole up- 
per surface of the bellows. The velocity 
of the air, as it passed out of tjie trunk of 
his ventilators, was found to be at the rate 
<^f 3,000 feet in a minute, which is at tlie 
rate of 34 miles an hour. The same author 
says, that the velocity with which impelled 
air passes out at any orifice, may be deter- 
mined by banging a light valve over the 
nose of a bellows, by pliant leathern hinges, 
which will he much agitated and lifted”up’ 
from a perpendicular, to a more than hori- 
zontal position, by the force of the rushino 
air. “ 
M. Bouguer contrived a simple instru- 
ment, by which may be immediately disco- 
vered the force which the wind exerts on a 
given surface. This is a hollow tube 
AA.BB, (Plate XVI. Miscel. fig. 13 ) i„’ 
which a spiral spring, C D, is fixed, that 
may be more or less compressed by a rod 
1' S D, passing through a hole within the 
tube at A A. Then having observed to 
what degree different forces or given 
weights are capable of compressing the spi- 
ral, mark divisions on the rod in such a 
manner, that the mark at S may indicate 
the weight requisite to force the spring into 
the situation, CD : afterwards join at right 
angles to this rod at E, a plane surface, 
CFE, of any given area at pleasure ; then 
let this instrument be opposed to the wind, 
so that it may strike the surface perpendi- 
cularly, or parallel to the rod ; then will the 
mark at & show tiie weight to which the 
torce of the wind is equivalent. 
The following Table will give the differ- 
ent velocities and forces of the wind, ac- 
cording to their common appellations. 
