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them, only one of them is shown in the figure, 
the -other being taken away in the section. 
Two cross beams, d and e, bolted upon b b, 
supports the bearings for the main axis, and 
another cross beam,/, bolted to the under- 
side of b, to sustain the upper bearing for 
the vertical axis. 
We now come to speak of the machinery : 
H H, are two of the four sails seen edge- 
ways ; the broad part of the sails, which- is 
covered with cloth, is set oblique to the 
plane of the sails motion, and the axis of 
the sails is set in the direction of the wind ; 
it is by the action of the wind upon the 
oblique sail, that it is made to revolve on 
its axis ; the wind acts constantly as a 
wedge upon the sails, and thus drives them 
round. The four sails are firmly bolted to 
an iron^ cross, e, cast in one piece with the 
main : abed efg is a wooden pole fixed 
on at the intersection of the four sails, and 
forming a continuation of the axis ; four 
ropes are extended from the end of the 
pole to the etid of the sails, and hauled 
tight by a block of pulleys, by these the 
sails are stiffened, and prevented from bend- 
ing by the action of the wind upon them : 
h is the main cog wheel, fixed upon the 
iron axis, and turning round with it ; it has 
a flexible ring of wood, composed of five 
segments, and jointed together by iron 
hinges and compassing it ; one end of this 
ring of wood, called the brake, is fastened 
by a joint to the under side of the beam, b ; 
the other end comes round nearly to the 
same point, and is fastened to a long le- 
ver, i, called the brake lever. When this 
lever is lifted up, the brake is lifted off 
from the wheel, and does not touch it on 
any part, and the wheel and sails can turn ; 
but when the lever is suffered to fall down, 
the brake closes round the wheel, and pre- 
vents the wheel and sails from turning. 
The brake lever is lifted up by a rope, k, 
which hangs down in reach of the miller 
when standing on the stage, 1 1, built round 
the mill for the purpose, as also for cloth- 
ing or unclothing the sails. When the 
brake is to be held up for any length of 
time, while the mill is at work, the brake 
rope is hooked on a hook driven into one of 
the uprights, B B. The head of the mill 
can be turned round upon the thirty six 
rollers, to set the sail round in the proper 
direction to meet the wind. The fixed 
kirb, D D, has a ring of cogs all round its 
outside, which work with a pinion on a 
spindle, I, turning in a socket fixed by iron 
braces. To the moveable head of the mill, 
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on the upper end of the spindle, I, a crown 
wheel is fixed, which is turned by a small 
pinion on the same spindle, with a wheel, 
m, round which an endless rope runs, and 
which hangs down in reach of the miller 
when on the stage, I. By pulling down 
one side of the endless rope he turns the 
wheel, m, and by the pinion the crown 
wheel, and its pinion, which acting against 
the teeth in the kirb, D, turns the head 
round upon the thirty-six rollers, and puts 
the sails in any position according to the 
wind ; 0 is a roller turning upon an iron 
pin tastened to the under side of the beam, 
b, and acting against the inside of the kirb ; 
another similar roller is fixed to the other 
beam, which is parallel to 6 ; their use is to 
keep the head steady upon the rollers, 
otherwise the head might be thrown back- 
wards by the action of the wind upon the 
sails. The upper part of the head is light 
framing and thin boards, covered with cop- 
per just to exclude the rain. The main 
cog-wheel, h, turns a trundle, K, on the up- 
per end of a long vertical shaft, L L, which 
comes down to the ground, and turns in a 
socket supported on masonry at M : p is a 
crown wheel of fifty-six teeth turning ano- 
ther wheel of seventeen teeth on horizontal, 
which has riggers, g, on it to turn bolting 
mills and dressing machines in the upper 
room. In the lower room a large spur- 
wheel, t, of seventy-two teeth, is fixed, 
and turns a nut on each side of it, one of 
twenty-eight, the other of twenty-six teeth, 
on the spindles of their respective mill- 
stones, r and s. 
The construction of the mill for grinding 
flour is well explained in the article Mill, 
to which we refer our readers. 
Wind sails, in a ship, are made of the 
common sail cloth, and are usually between 
twenty-five and thirty feet long, according 
to the size of the ship, and are of the form 
of a cone ending pbtusely : when they are 
made use of, they are hoisted by ropes to 
about two-thirds or more of their height, 
with their bases distended circularly hoops, 
and their apex hanging downwards in the 
hatchways of the ship ; above each of these 
one of the common sails is so disposed, that 
the greatest part of the air rushing against 
it, is directed into the wind-sail, and con- 
vey.ed, as through a funnel, into the upper 
parts of the body of the ship. ' 
WINDAGE of a gun, the diflerence be- 
tween the diameter of the bore, and the 
diameter of the ball. 
WINE. See Fermentation, &c. 'All 
