YES 
have true legal seisin of the lands. Nor, 
indeed, doth the bare lease vest any estate 
in the lessee, but only gives him a right of 
entry on the tenement, which right is called 
his interest in the term ; but when he has 
actually so entered, and thereby accepted 
the grant, the estate is then, and not be- 
fore, vested in him, and he is possessed 
not properly of the land, but of the term 
of years, the possession or seisin of the land 
remaining still in him who has the freehold. 
YELLOW earth, named by Werner, gel- 
berde, is of a yellow ochre colour of va- 
rious degrees of intensity. It is massive, 
soft and friable : it adheres strongly to the 
tongue and feels greasy. It occurs in beds 
with iron-stone in Upper Saxony, and is em- 
ployed as a yellow pigment. 
Yellow, Naples, a fine pigment so call- 
ed from the city in which it was long pre- 
pared. It has the appearance of ah earth, 
is very friable, heavy, porous, and not al- 
tered by exposure to the air. The prepa- 
ration is kept a secret, but by analysis it is 
found to be a metallic oxide. A similar 
pigment may be produced by mixing 
twelve parts of ceruss : three of diaphoretic 
antimony, and of alum and sal-ammoniac 
one part each : heat them for some time to 
a temperature below redness, and after- 
wards in a red heat for three hours longer, 
after wftich the mass will have acquired a 
beautiful yellow colour. 
YEOMAN, is defined to be one that hath 
fee land of 40s. a year ; who was thereby, 
heretofore, qualified to serve on juries, and 
can yet vote for knights of the shire, and 
do any other act where the law requires one 
that is probus et legalis homo. Below yeo- 
men are ranked tradesmen, artificers, and 
labourers. 
YE.S'i', Yeast, or Barm, a head, or 
scum rising upon beer or ale, while wor king 
or ferrnenting in the vat. See Brewing, 
Fermentation, &c. 
It is used for a leaven or ferment in the 
baking of bread, as serving to swell or putF 
it up very considerably in a little time, and 
to make it much lighter, softer, and more 
delicate. When there is too much of it, it 
renders the bread bitter. See Baking and 
Bread. 
YUN 
Yeast consists of gluten, sugar, and rno- 
cilage, with some alcohol, and a portion of 
nralic, acetic, and carbonic acids ; birt the 
essential parts of yeast are gluteri nrixed 
with a vegetable arid, and therefore dried 
yeast, which must have lost some of its 
component parts, is fit for fermentation 
equally with that which is fresh and new. 
YEW. See Taxes. 
YTTRIA. See Ittria. 
YUCCA, in botany, Adam’s needle, a ge- 
nus of the Hexandria Monogynia class and 
order. Natural order of CoronariaB. Lilia, 
Jussieu. Essential character: corolla bell- 
shaped, spreading; style none; capsule 
three-celled. There are four species. 
YUNX, the wry-neclc, in natural history, 
a genus of birds of the order Pica;. Ge- 
netic character ; bill soniewhat round, 
slightly incurvated and weak ; nostrils bare 
and rather concave ; tongue long, slender, 
and armed at the point; tail, of ten flexible 
feathers ; feet formed for climbing ; toes 
two before and two behind. There is only 
one species. 
Y. torquilla, or the wry-neck, is allied in 
some respects to the woodpecker, and in 
others to the cuckow. It is about the size 
of a lark, and its colours, though not glaring, 
are mingled with extreme neatness, and 
even elegance. It makes no nest, but lays 
eight or ten eggs on the bare wood in hol- 
low trees. In England it is a bird of 
passage, generally appearing about ten days 
before the clxckow. Its food consists 
chiefly of ants, which during incubation the 
male may be observed carrying to the fe- 
male. The young on experiencing any an- 
noyance utter a hissing noise, which excites 
the idea of some venomous reptile, and has 
frequently proved their security from de- 
struction. At the end of summer the wry- 
neck is extremely plump and fat ; and is 
considered by some as little inferior to the 
ortolan for the table. It is never seen in 
flocks, and in pairs Only during the spring 
and summer, after which each individual 
has its solitary haunt in this country, and 
withdraws unaccompanied in its flight in its 
winter migration. 
