COLIAS. 
65 
Habitat. — South Eussia, Siberia, and Northern India. It 
appears to be a very local species ; found in hilly districts. 
Lakva and Pupa unknown. 
VARIETIES. 
a. Pallida, Stgr. Cat. p. 5 (1871). This is the pale form of the 
female. It is generally rather larger than the type, has the wings 
nearly white, and square light spots on the hind margin of the 
hind wings. It very much resembles C. Edusa var. Helice, and 
C. Myrmidone var. alha ; but in these the discoidal spot of the fore 
wings has not a white centre beneath, and the black margin of the 
upper side is thicker towards the inner margin than in this 
variety. PI. XII., 5. 
h. Var. Helichta, Ld., is supposed by some to be a hybrid 
between C. Erate and Edusa. It occurs in Armenia and Persia, and 
perhaps South Eussia. 
8. C. Hecla, Lefev. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1836, p. 383, pi. 9 ; 
B. 3-6; Kirby, Man. of Eiir. Butt. p. 17. — Bootliii, 
Boisduval, Gen. Ind. Meth. p. 7, n. 40; H.-S. 459-60. 
— Sed Boothii, Curtis, alia est species. 
Expands from 1-50 to 1*75 in. The male has the wings bright 
orange, rather dusky towards the base. Fore wings with a narrow 
but well-defined black hind-marginal border, generally divided by 
fine orange veins. The discoidal spot is long and narrow, and the 
costa, nearly throughout its whole length, is greenish yellow. 
Hind wings with a narrow black border, and a very bright reddish 
orange discoidal spot ; the inner margin is greenish yellow. The 
female has the fore wings bright orange, with the nervures black 
and very distinct ; the hind marginal border is black, and much 
broader than in the male, and is marked with seven or eight 
roundish and oblong yellow spots. The discoidal spot is large 
and black, and lozenge-shaped. The costa is yellow along its 
inner half. Hind wings yellow, with a dark greenish cast ; the 
black hind-marginal border marked with five or six large light 
yellow spots ; the discoidal spot large, and bright orange. The 
wings of both sexes are often shot with violet. Under side : — Fore 
