COLIAS. 
61 
far as my observations go I am bound to say that I am unable to 
detect anything very special in the tissue of the part ; whether 
these slightly altered wing-scales can assist in any secretive or 
other function that is performed by glands, I cannot even con- 
jecture. In any case it is a constant feature, and may therefore be 
made use of for the separation of species. 
12. C. Edusa, Fab. Mant. p. 23, n. 240 (1787); Ochs. Schmet. 
Europ. 1, 2, p. 173; Boisd. Sp. Eur. i. p. G38. — 
Electra, Lewin, Ins. Brit. i. 31 (1795). — Helena, H.-S. 
206-7 (var.). — Hyale, Wein. Verz. p. 165, n. 3 (1776); 
Esper, Sell. i. 1 (1777) ; Hlib. Eur. Sch. i. 329. — Sed 
Hyale, Linn. S. N. (1767), alia est spec. 
Expands from 1-75 to 2-25 in. All the wings bright orange 
yellow, but without the red tint that is seen in C. Myrmidonc. The 
male has on the fore wings a broad black hind-marginal border, 
veined with orange ; the discoidal spot is conspicuous and black. 
Hind wings orange in the centre, but dusky, and covered with 
light hairs at the base, with a black hind-marginal border veined 
with orange ; discoidal spot orange. The female has a broad black 
border to all the wings, without orange veins, and spotted with 
yellow, much as in G. Mijrmidone, but is much more variable, 
hardly any two specimens being alike ; the spot, however, which 
appears in C. Myrmidone, as the third from the costa, is often 
wanting in this species. The yellow spots on the hind wings are 
smaller and less square ; the black border is wider. The under 
side has the usual discoidal black spot on the fore wings, bat this 
never has a light centre. The hind wings are yellow, with the 
pearly spot bordered with reddish brown, as in the allied species. 
Head, thorax, legs, antennae, &c., as in the last species. 
PI. XIV., 1. 
Times of Appeaeance. — May and June, and from August 
until November. 
Habitat. — The greater part of Europe, but not the northern 
portion. Western i\.sia, and North Africa ; frequenting plains, 
meadows, and downs. As a British insect it is taken in England 
