62 
PIERIDM. 
and Scotland, but not in Ireland. In this country it is commoner 
than our other species of Colias, C. Hyale, but, like it, is very 
capricious and fitful in its appearance, sometimes being scarce or 
local for years together, and then, as in 1877, appearing in great 
numhers throughout the country. 
Laeva. — Cylindrical, dark green, with a lateral narrow whitish 
stripe; spiracles yellowish. “The head is covered with minute 
warts, and each wart emits a short hair ; the segmental divisions 
are indistinct and transversely wrinkled, the wrinkles dividing each 
segment into narrow sections, each section composed of a series of 
minute warts, and every wart emitting a short hair.” — Newman, 
‘British Butterflies,’ p. 145. 
The Pupa is pale yellowish green, with a lateral yellow stripe 
on the abdominal segment ; the wing-cases are of a deeper colour. 
It is pointed anteriorly, and is attached in an upright position 
on the stem of the food-plant. PI. XVI. 
Times of Appeaeance. — June to the middle of July. 
Food-plants. — Various species of Trifolium, chiefly the common 
clover, on the leaves of which the eggs are laid in the spring. 
It is still an open question whether Colias Edusa is double- 
brooded in England, though the observations of Mr. Edward A. 
Fitch have gone far to prove that it is. For most valuable 
information on the subject of the life-history of this species, the 
reader is referred to a paper by the above-named gentleman in the 
‘Entomologist,’ vol. xi.. No. 178, March, 1878. In it he has 
collected the numerous accounts of its capture and observations 
made upon it during the year 1877, when it was so abnormally 
almndaut. The paper is accompanied by a coloured plate, showing 
various aberrant forms of great interest. Colias Edusa certainly 
does hybernate as an imago ; I have twice taken worn females at 
the beginning of June. 
VAEIETIE s. 
a. ? . Helice, Hiibn. 440, 441 (1798); Pap. Edusa Alha, Haw. 
(1802). This is the white form of the female. The markings 
have the arrangement as in the ordinary orange form, but the 
ground colour of the wings is nearly white, the hind wings being 
more or less suffused with dull green, and having the discoidal 
