76 
LYC.^NIDjE. 
large and briglit orange patch on the fore wings external to the 
discoidal spot, crossed by two or three black veins, and occupying 
nearly a fourth of the area of the wings. The under side is nearly 
the same in both sexes ; the ground colour is reddish brown, 
brightest in the female ; the fore wings have an elongated discoidal 
spot, and, external to this, reaching from the costa, a long tapering 
streak of a darker colour, coming to a point as it approaches the 
inner margin and bounded externally by a white line ; the hind 
wings have a patch of bright reddish brown running from the costa 
to the inner margin, bounded internally by an indistinct' white line 
and externally by a very distinct wavy line of the same colour ; the 
hind margins are reddish orange. 
Time of Appeaeanoe. — From the end of July to the middle of 
September. 
Habitat. — Central Europe, including Grermany, the Low 
Countries, Switzerland, and the Tyrol ; also France, Scandinavia, 
Britain, and South Russia. Besides being European, it occurs in 
Armenia and Central Asia as far as the Amur. 
Lakva, when full grown, is apple-greeii ; the segments are 
very dehnitely divided, and each segment has four longitudinal 
white stripes, two dorsal and two lateral, and, besides these, 
several oblique pale lines. The head is brown, and very much 
smaller than the segment immediately posterior to it. 
Pupa. — Pale brown and smooth, and (according to Newman’s 
observations in ‘British Butterflies,’ p. 115) not attached by silken 
threads*; in this manner resembling the pupa of T. Quercus, 
which also does not attach itself by the head and tail, and is by 
some authors placed with the present species in another genus — 
Zeph.ijms, Balm. 
“ The egg is a depressed sphere, and white.” — Newman. It 
is laid in September on the twigs of birch and blackthorn, the 
caterpillar emerging in the spring and being full-fed by June. 
2. T. Spini, A¥ien. Verz. 186, n. 5; IL'ibii. i. f. 376, 377. — 
I'apilio Lyncciis, Es})er. i. 1, p. 356. 
Expands 1‘18 to 1-40 in. The wings are brown on the upper 
surface. The hind wings distinctly tailed. The male has one or 
8ee also Westwood, Proc. Ent. 8oc., 1806, p. xxxiv. 
