78 
LYC.ENID.E. 
hind margin is a row of brilliant orange crescents, which are 
largest near the anal angle and decrease in size as they approach 
the costa. 
Time of Appearance. — July and August. 
Habitat. — Central Europe, including Britain; the South of 
Europe, excepting Spain and Portugal ; Siberia and the Amur. 
It frequents commons, wood clearings, and roadsides where there 
is plenty of bushy vegetation ; bramble-bushes seem to be chiefly 
affected by this species. As a British insect it is not generally 
common, but during some seasons it occurs in great abundance in 
certain localities. Its extraordinary appearance at Ripley, in 
Surrey, in 1827, recorded by Stephens, is an historical fact well 
known to every British lepidopterist. 
Larva onisciform, light green, with a yellowish brown dorsal 
stripe ; every segment has two oblique light yellow lines on each 
side ; the head is black and retractile. It feeds on the leaves of 
the common elm ( Ulnms campestris), from whence it may be beaten 
at the end of May and the beginning of June. 
The Pupa is attached to a twig by a belt of silk, and also by 
the tail. 
“ The eggs are laid on the twigs of the elm and wych elm in July 
and August, and are shaped something like an orange, but are more 
depressed at the crown ; they are of a whitish or putty colour, and 
remain firmly glued to the rind of the twigs throughout the winter. 
The full-fed caterpillar rests on the surface of the leaves.” — New- 
man, Brit. Butt. 108. 
4. T. Ilicis, Esp. i. p. 353 ; Hiib. 378-9 ; 0. 1. 2, 105. — Linceus, 
Fab. Mant. 69, i. 3, 279. 
Expands 1*16 to 1-33 in. The male has all the wings dark 
brown, much less black than those of the last species ; at the anal 
angle of the hind wings is a very small orange spot ; the hind 
margin has a slight tail. The female is lighter brown than the 
male, and is shot with a greenish bronze much in the same way as 
Epineplide -Janira ; the fore wings have a large dull orange patch 
divided into four by the nerviires, which are dark brown. The 
under side is lighter brown than the upper surface ; all the wings 
