40 
PIElilD.E. 
as lie states in the above work, he has reason to believe that the 
wing-scales differ from those of the type. I regret that I am not 
able, at present, to give the result of my own observation on this 
subject, but hope shortly to be able to do so. 
5. E. Gruneri, H.-S. Schmet. Eur. i. 551-4. 
Smaller than E. Cardamines, expanding from 1*25 to 1'37 in. 
Male . — Fore wings white, blackish at the base and slightly tinged 
with yellow near the costa ; tips of wings blackish ; a large orange 
patch covers the outer portion as in E. Cardamines, but at its inner 
edge there is a double black spot and just a faint trace of a black 
line. Hind wings white and without pattern, excepting so far as 
that of the under side shows through. Under side : — Fore wings 
as in Cardamines, but more strongly tinged with yellow. Hind 
wings almost exactly as in that species. Female . — Fore wings 
white, with a dark tip and a large blackish discoidal spot. Hind 
wings white. Under side as in the male, but without the orange 
patch on the fore wings. PI. IX., 2, 
Habitat. — Turkey and Greece, also certain parts of Asia Minor 
and the Caucasus. A rare species, belonging exclusively, as will be 
seen, to the Mediterranean sub-region. The female seems to be 
much rarer in collections than the males, and no doubt is actually 
scarcer, as in the allied forms, including our own British species. 
Larva and Pupa unknown. 
G. E. Damone, Boisd. Sp. Gen. i. 564; H. G. 1010-1; H.-S. 
Eur. Schmet. i. 196-9. 
Expands from 1-50 to 1-70 in. Mede . — Wings bright yellow. 
Fore wings with the extreme tips dusky, and having the outer 
portion brilliant orange as far as the discoidal spot, which touches 
the inner edge of the orange blotch. There are in some specimens 
faint traces of a black line bounding the latter at its inner edge, 
but in most cases it is absent. Hind wings yellow and unspotted, 
but the pattern of the under side showing through gives a faint 
green mottling. Under side : — Fore wings yellow, with the orange 
blotch graduating into the ground colour at its inner edge ; discoidal 
