EUCIILOE. 
89 
4. E. Cardamines, Liini. (Pap. C.), F. S. ‘271, u. 1030, S. Nat. 
1, 2, t. 761, 11 . 85; Hi'ib. Eiir. Sclimet. i. f. 419-25; 
Boiscl. Sp. Gen. i. p. 564. 
Expands from 1*50 to 2-00 in. Wings white, rounded. The 
male has the fore wings white, with a black tip and a black 
discoidal spot ; a large patch of brilliant orange reaches from the 
tip of the wing to considerably within the discoidal spot. Hind 
wings white and unspotted, but exhibiting traces of the pattern of 
the under side. Under side : — Fore wings white, yellowish at the 
base, and having the orange patch tipped with greenish grey 
and white. Hind wings white, marbled with irregular patches 
of yellow and black scales so mixed as to produce the effect of 
a beautiful green ; these patches follow more or less the course of 
the nervLires. Female similar to the male, but without the orange 
patch, and the tips of the wings are marked more strongly with 
black. PI. IX., 1. 
Times of Appeakance. — April, May, and June. 
Habitat. — The whole of Europe (excepting the Polar Eegions) 
and Northern and Western Asia. As a British insect it is generally 
common, sometimes abundant, being one of the lirst butterflies to 
appear in spring in lanes, meadows, woods, on railway-banks, &c., 
occurring throughout England, Scotland, and Ireland. 
Larva green, finely speckled with black, with a white lateral 
stripe less clearly defined at its dorsal than at its ventral edge. It 
feeds on various field Cmcifene, including Cardamlne pratensis, the 
pods generally forming its principal food. 
Pupa boat-shaped, at first green, but changing to greyish 
yellow, with clearer stripes. The eggs are laid in the summer, and 
the larva changes to a chrysalis in July, hybernating in this state. 
PI. XV. 
VARIETY. 
a. Turritis, Ochs. Schmet. Eur. iv. 156. This variety, which 
is found in Italy, differs from the type in having the orange 
patch in the male narrower and not reaching as far as the 
discoidal spot. 
Obs. — Mr. Kirby (‘European Butterflies and Moths,’ p. 6) 
gives this form the rank of a distinct species ; he informs me that. 
