PIERIS. 
31 
to be reckoned a variety. It is now, however, considered to be 
distinct by most authors. It is about the same size as P. Rapcc, 
or perhaps on an average a little smaller. The fore wings are 
rather more pointed. The dusky tip and black spots are more 
diffused but less black than in P. Rapiu. The costal spot of the 
hind wings is often absent, or represented by a fine crescentic line. 
Under side as in P. Rapce, but entirely loithout black markings. 
Time of Appeakance ? 
Habitat. — Dalmatia and the Balkan Mountains. Bythinia 
(Staudinger). PI. VI., 5. 
Lakva ? 
5. P. Napi, Linn.; Syst. Nat. x. 468; F. S. 271; Esp. 3, 3; 
Hiib. 406, 7. 
Expands 1-50 to 1‘87 in. Wings white, with the bases dusky. 
The nervures are distinct and black. The fore wings have the tips, 
and sometimes the ends of the nervures, dusky. Male sometimes 
with, but often without, a small black spot midway between the 
centre and the hind margins. Female with two black spots, as in 
P. Rapce. Hind wings with a black spot on the costa. The female 
is usually larger than the male, and is always darker, having- 
blackish scales running along the course of the nervures. Under 
side : — Fore wings white, tipped with greenish yellow, with 
nervures conspicuous, and with two black spots, as in the allied 
species. Hind wings pale yellow, with dark scales placed thickly 
along the course of the nervures, giving the appearance of green 
veins. PI. VII., 1. 
Times of Appearance. — April to September. 
Habitat. — Europe, and Northern and Eastern Asia ; fre- 
quenting gardens, &c. As a British insect it appears to be 
generally distributed throughout England, Scotland and Ireland, 
and to be in most places a common insect. 
Larva. — Green, brighter on the sides than on the back ; the 
spiracles are marked with red and yellow. Feeds on various kinds 
of Cruciferce and Reseclacece from June to September. It hybernates 
as a pupa, which is greyish or greenish yellow, speckled with 
bkck. PI. XV. 
