30 
PIERIDM. 
VARIETY. 
Vernalis, Stand. Standinger describes under this name 
(Her. Soc. Ent. Ross. 1870, p. 34) a variety of the spring brood, 
in which the hind wings are green instead of yellow on the under 
side. 
3. P. Rapse, Linn. (Papilio 11.) Syst. Nat. 468 ; F. S. 270 ; 
Esp. 3, 2 ; Hiib. 404, 5 ; St. Man. i. 19. 
Expands 1*50 to 1-75 in. Wings white. Fore wings dusky 
at the tip, but not so dark as in Brassiae ; two round black spots 
in the centre of the wing in the female, which is generally darker 
than the male. Hind wings rounded, white, with a small blue 
costal spot. Under side : — Anterior wings tipped with ochre, and 
with two black spots in both sexes. Hind wings pale ochre, more 
tinged with yellow than in Brassiae. 
Times of Appearance. — April to October. 
Habitat. — The whole of Europe and North Asia (excepting 
the Polar Regions), North Africa and Asia Minor. As a British 
insect it is universally distributed, being our commonest Butterfly. 
Occasionally it is very abundant, occurring in swarms. It appears 
to inhabit any kind of country, excepting the more elevated 
mountain regions. Gardens and fields are, however, its principal 
haunts. 
Recently this insect has been imported into North America, 
and it seems that in the species thus acclimatised the wings are 
often entirely suffused with bright yellow, so that it appears more 
like a yellow than a white butterfly. PI. VI., 4. 
Larva. — Green, covered with down, with one dorsal and two 
lateral yellow lines. Lives on Cruciferce, and, like the last, often 
destructive in gardens. 
Pupa. — Ashy, speckled with black, often tinged with reddish. 
PI. XV. 
4. P. Ergane, Hiib. (Papilio E.) Eur. Sch. i. 904 ; Dup. 
i. 47, 1, 2. — Narccea, Fr. Beitr. Schmett. 43, 2. — Bajice, 
Variete A. Boisduval, 1, 5, 20. 
Very much resembles P. Puipce, of which species it used often 
