PIEEIS. 
29 
Habitat. — The whole of Europe, except the Arctic Eegion ; 
the greater part of Asia and North Africa. As a British 
insect it is generally distributed, and is one of the very 
commonest species ; it is, however, much commoner during some 
seasons than in others ; it sometimes occurs in vast numbers, 
forming migratory swarms, often accompanied by individuals of 
P. Rapce and Napi. PI. VI., 2. 
Larva yellowish green, with three longitudinal yellow stripes, 
separated by little black points or tubercles. The head is hluish, 
dusted with black. It feeds, generally in groups, on various kinds 
of Grucifene, in many places being very destructive to the cabbage 
and other garden vegetables ; it also feeds on Nasturtiums and 
Tropseolums. Larva appears in May or July. 
Chrysalis ashy white, speckled with black and yellow. PI. XV. 
2. P. Krueperi, Stand. Wien. Ento. Mon. iv. 19. 
Expands 2 to 2-25 in. Wings white, very slightly shaded at 
the base. Fore wings black at the tips and for some distance along 
the hind margins, a triangular black spot on the costa near the 
tip ; below this, about midway between the costa and the hind 
margin, a distinct black spot, reniform in shape. Hind wings 
marked on the costa with a black spot, having the shape of a 
triangle with its base downwards. Under side : — Fore wings 
primrose, yellow at the base, also at the tip, and two-thirds of the 
distance along the hind margin ; a triangular dusky patch 
extending from the costa, and below this a reniform black spot, 
the same as on the upper surface. Hind wings yellow, more 
distinctly so at the base ; from the outer edge of the costa, 
extending downwards, is a dusky patch. Body covered with white 
down. Antennae and eyes black. 
Times of Appearance.- — In the spring months of March and 
April, and again at the end of June. 
Habitat. — Greece, Asia Minor, and Persia, frequenting 
mountains. It is a very local species, but does not seem so 
difficult to obtain now as formerly. PI. VI., 3. 
Neither the Larva nor Pupa have been described, so far as I 
am aware. 
