PIERIS. 
27 
Larva gregarious beneath a common web. 
Pupa smooth, and without angular projections. 
There is but one European species. 
1. A. Crataegi, Linn. Syst. Nat. x. 467 ; F. S. ii. 269 ; Hiib. 
399, 400. 
Expands 1-75 to 2-50 in. All the wings are white, more or 
less diaphanous, more so in the female than the male, without 
marginal fringe. The nervures are very distinct, and generally 
have at their marginal ends triangular patches of blackish scales. 
Antennae black. Head, thorax and abdomen of the same colour, 
and slightly downy. 
Times of Appearance. — May and June. 
Habitat. — The whole of Europe (except the Polar Eegions) 
and Siberia. As a British Insect it seems to be confined to the 
Midland and Southern Counties of England, occurring locally, and 
absent from Scotland and Ireland. On the Continent — “ Commune 
dans toutes les prairies de TEurope” (Boisd.). PI. VI., 1. 
Larva covered with a white down, with the sides and ventral 
surface lead-coloured. The dorsal surface marked with two 
longitudinal yellowish bands. Feeds in company on the hawthorn, 
sloe, wild cherry, and other fruit trees. On the Continent it is 
sometimes very destructive to orchards. 
Pupa greenish white, with two lateral yellow lines, and 
numerous black points. The larva appears in the spring. PI. XV. 
Genus 2. — PIERIS, Schrank. Faun. Boic. (1801) ; Lat. Hist. 
Nat. Crust, et Insect. (1805). 
PoNTiA, Fab. (1807). 
Danai Candidi, Linn. 
Middle-sized or large Butterflies, with the antennse long, 
distinctly articulated, and terminated by a very distinct club. 
Abdomen moderately slender, and not passing beyond the inferior 
wings. All the European species have the ground colour of the 
wings white. The fore wings are pointed and tipped with black, 
and there is generally a black spot near the inner margin in the 
