PAliNASSIUS. 
19 
ill size and shape ; in pattern and coloration it differs, as will be 
seen by the description. The ground colour is satiny black-; the 
spots are lemon-yellow; the head and prolegs are black and 
without lustre ; the legs are shining black. The spots are large 
and transversely elliptical, on every segment from the third back- 
wards there are one large and two small ones ; above these lemon- 
yellow spots every segment has two small pale, bluish ones ; close 
behind the second one is a shining dot. 
Obs. — In dealing with European specimens of this and the 
preceding species, the difficulty in diagnosis is not very great, 
especially when one lias a good series of each for comparison ; 
those from Siberia, however, run very closely into one another. 
I have Siberian specimens of P. Apollo which are spotted with 
red on the fore wings, a condition which seldom or never occurs 
in European specimens of that species ; the size, too, varies 
greatly, and is no guide whatever, excepting that P. Delius 
never reaches the dimensions of the larger specimens of Apollo, 
A knowledge of the habits of the insects, especially those of 
their earlier stages, will be of great assistance in separating the 
two species. 
3. P. Nordmanni, Nord. Bull. Mosc. (1851), p. 453. — Clarius, 
H.-S. 257, 8 (1848). 
Expands 2*50 to 2'75 in. Wings white, semitransparent, but 
not so much so as in other species. The fore wings have two deep 
black spots in the discoidal cell. The hind margin is blackish, 
more transparent than the rest of the wing ; the dark band thus 
situated is broadest at the costa, and becomes narrower as it 
approaches the hind margin (it is not divided throughout its length 
by a wavy white band as in the allied Siberian P. Clarius, with 
which this species was at first confounded by Herrich- Schaffer). 
The hind wings are white, slightly dusky along the hind margin, 
and have two red spots surrounded by black rings. There are no 
red spots at the base or inner margin on the under side of the hind 
wings, nor any red spots near the anal angle. 
Time op Appeaeance. — J uly. 
Habitat. — The Caucasus. A rare species in collections ; the 
