96 
LYC.ENW.E. 
Time of Appearance. — The butterfly is on the wing through- 
out the greater part of the year, there being several broods. 
Habitat. — The whole of Europe, the greater part of Asia, 
North America, the United States, and perhaps Canada. It 
inhabits fields, road-sides, heaths, &c., and is a common British 
butterfly. 
Larva. — “ The colour of the head dingy green, with a few 
dark brown markings ; of the body, opaque apple-green, the warts 
being white and the bristles sienna-brown ; in some specimens the 
green is interrupted by three stripes of a delicate purplish pink, 
one of them medio-dorsal, the others marginal ” (Newman). 
Pupa. — Dirty white, speckled with black or dark brown. 
The Larva feeds on various species of Rumex. 
VARIETIES. 
a. Schmidtii, Gerh. pi. 10, 3, 1, b. — Phkeas, var. Esp. 60, 5 ; 
Hiib. 636-7. In this form all those portions of the wing that are 
normally copper-coloured are brilliant shining white. It is found 
most commonly in the southern districts of the territory inhabited 
by F. Fhlceas, but it occasionally occurs in the more northern parts ; 
has been several times taken in Britain, but is very rare.* 
PI. XXII., 1. 
h. Eleus, F. Suppl. E. S. 430. — Turcicus, Gerh. pl. 5, 5. 
Larger and much darker than the type. The hind wings are more 
deeply emarginate near the anal angle, so as to exhibit short tails. 
This variety occurs in the South of Europe and Asia Minor in the 
summer and autumn, f 
12. P. Helle, Wien. Verz. 181, n. 4 (1776); Hub. 331-3.— 
Aniph'idamas, Esp. 58, 4 (1779). — Hille, Fab. Mant. 
(1787). — Xantlie, Lang, Verz. Schmett. (1789). 
Expands 0-75 to 0-90 in. The fore wings are copper-coloured, 
the hind margin dark brown or black ; parallel to the hind margin 
there, is a row of evenly-placed black spots ; in the female there are 
* The specimen from which the figure was drawn was kindly lent to me by 
klr. J. T. Carrington ; it was taken in Perthshire. 
i I have seen a dark specimen from the New Forest, which is apparently 
identical with Elevs, Fab. ; it was taken last summer (1881) by Mr. Clark, of 
London Fields. 
