114 
T.YCMNIDM 
been taken in Europe, though it is said to occur in the North of 
Lapland. Most of the specimens I have seen are from Labrador. 
As it also occurs in Siberia it is probably circum-polar ; I have 
therefore figured it on PI. XXIV., 8. 
c. Dardanus, Err. 419, 2, 3 ; H.-S. 240-3. A small and light- 
coloured variety found in Alpine regions of Asia Minor and Armenia, 
also in Andalusia (Sierra Nevada). 
21. L. Astrarche, Bgstr. Nom. hi. p. 4, t. 49, 7, 8. — Medon, Esp. 
32, t. 55, 7. — Aijestis, Hub. 303-5; Err. 235, 1. — Idas, 
Lewin, Ins. p. 82, t. 39, 1, 2 (1795). 
Expands 1 to 1'20 in. Alarginal fringes white. The wings 
are brown in both sexes, with a hind marginal band of bright 
orange spots. Fore wings with a black discoidal spot. The orange 
bands are broader and more conspicuous in the female than in the 
male; there is no tinge of blue at the base. Under side brownish 
grey, un tinged with blue. All the wings have the usual hind 
marginal row of spots and orange band, and one irregular central 
row of black spots ; basal spot absent from fore wings ; hind 
wings with three basal spots ; all these spots are conspicuously 
surrounded by white rings. PI. XXIV., 9. 
Times of Appearance. — April to October, there being a 
succession of broods in the year. The individuals of the spring 
brood are larger and lighter than those of the later ones. 
Habitat. — Dry sunny meadows and hill-sides throughout 
Europe (excepting the Polar Eegions) ; Northern and Western 
Asia, as far as the Himalayas, and in North Africa. As a British 
insect it is commonest in the South of England, where it is double- 
brooded. 
Larva. — Pale green, with a brownish purple medio-dorsal 
stripe and faint pale lateral stripes ; each segment has two small 
wart-like eminences with projecting white bristles. The ventral 
surface is pale green, with whitish bristles. The claspers are 
semi-transparent and pale yellow in colour; the legs are spotted 
with Idack. The larva when full grown is aliout half an incli in 
