VANESSA. 
171 
Pupa angulated, brown, decorated with metallic spots on the 
back of the thorax. The Larva is found from June to August in 
this country — “ on elm, currant, sloe, hop and nettle,” Staiuton. 
4. — V. Polychloros, Linn. Syst. Nat. x. 477 ; Faun. Suec. 278; 
Esp. 13, 1 ; Hub. 81, 82. 
Expands from 2‘0 to 2’75 in. Hind margin of all the wings 
dentated ; two well-marked angular projections on the fore wings 
and one on the hind wings ; inner margin of fore wings straight. 
All the wings deep fulvous, with a dark border. The fore wings 
have the costa yellowish, with three large black spots ; in the 
centre of the wings are two smaller round ones, and below these, 
near to the inner margin, two others. The hind wings are darker 
brown at the base and clothed with hairs ; on the costa is a large 
triangular black spot, and along the hind margin a row of blue 
lunules. Under side streaked, various shades of brown darker at 
the bases, and having a darker line running across the centre of 
the wings ; the hind margins have a row of faint blue lunules. 
PI. XXXIX., 5. 
Time of Appeakance. — Throughout the year in the South ; 
in Britain, and the more northern parts of its area of distribution, 
it occurs in the spring after hybernation, its first appearance being 
however in the summer and autumn from July to September. 
Habitat.— Gardens, fields and road-sides throughout Southern 
and Central Europe, Asia Minor, Armenia, Syria and Siberia. 
Lakva. — Brown, with yellowish lateral and dorsal stripes. The 
spines are brownish yellow. It is found from May to July on elm 
and sallows ; rarely in this country on cherry ; on the Continent, 
commonly, sometimes causing great damage. 
varieties. 
a. Testudo, Esp. 73, l.—Pijrrhomelcena, Hiib. 845-6. An 
aberrant form in which the spots on the fore wings are confluent. 
This is a peculiarity that not unfrequently occurs in this and other 
allied “tortoiseshells.” 
