172 
NYMPHALIDM. 
h. Pyromelas, Freyer, 139, 2, p. 75. Nothing else but a small 
form of the species ; one meets with a similar peculiarity in the 
form Jo of V. lo (“ Vix nomen conservandum ” Staudinger). 
5. — V. Xanthomelas, Wien. Verz. p. 125 ; Esp. 63, 4 ; Hub. 
85, 86; 0. I. 1, 117. 
Expands from 2-0 to 2-75 in. To be distinguished from 
I’ohjchloros by the somewhat sharper angular projections of the 
hind margins, the redder ground colour of the wings ; and by the 
presence of a whitish spot on the apical side of the exterior costal 
black spot. The blue lunules on the hind wings are rather more 
definite than in Fohjcliloros. The under side greatly resembles 
that of the last species, but the markings are more defined, and 
tliere is on the centre of the hind wing a faint light spot. The 
legs are lighter than in the last species. PI. XL., 1. 
Time of Appeakance. — July to September. 
Habitat. — Woody places in the neighbourhood of willows, on 
which the larva feeds ; it is confined to the Eastern parts of 
Europe, including Germany, the North-East of Switzerland, 
Hungary, and Central Eussia to 60° ; it also occurs in Northern 
India. 
Laeva. — Black, with white dots, yellowish white dorsal and 
lateral stripes, the spines black. Gregarious on various kinds of 
Salix in June. 
6. — V. Vau-Album, Wien. Yerz. p. 176 (1776) ; Hiib. 83, 84; 
Fab. Mant. 50 (1787) ; Fr. 133 ; 0. I. 1, 112 ; B. Ic. 
24, 1. 
L-Album, Esp. 62, 3, a. b. (1780) ; Hbst. T. 62, 3, 6. 
Expands from 2-0 to 2’50 in. The hind margins of all the 
wings are much more strongly dentated than in the last two 
species, but the inner margin of the fore wings is straight as in 
those species, and not concave as in V. C-alhum. All the wings 
deep fulvous, with black spots similar to those of the last two 
species ; there are no blue lunules either on the fore or the hind 
