VANESSA. 
173 
wings. The fore wings are black towards the apex, with a con- 
spicuous white spot. The hind wings have, near the costa, a 
large white spot between two black ones. Under side more varied 
than in the last, being dark brown towards the bases, and bluish 
grey varied with brown and green from the centre of the wings 
nearly to the hind margins, which are darker. On the hind 
wings, immediately below the discoidal cell, is a whitish letter- 
like mark, not so distinct as in V. Egea or G- Album. PI. XL., 2. 
Times of Appearance. — June and July. 
Habitat. — Woods, &c., in the East of Europe, namely, 
North-Eastern and East-Central Germany, Hungary, &c. ; Central 
Kussia to 60°, and Northern Asia. 
Larva brownish red, with a dark dorsal line and yellowish 
white lateral stripes ; the spines are yellowish with darker tips. 
Gregarious on poplar and sallow in June. 
7. — V. Urticae, Linn. Syst. Nat. x. 477 ; Esp. 13, 2 ; Hub. 87-9 : 
0. I. 1, 120. 
Expands from 2’0 to 2‘30 in. Hind margins of all the wings 
dentate. The fore wings have only one angular projection, that 
near the anal angle being absent in this species. All the wings 
are reddish orange, with rather narrow dark border inclosing a row 
of bright blue lunules. The fore wings have three black spots on 
the costa, two small ones in the centre and one larger one on the 
inner margin, not two as in the preceding sjiecies ; the space 
between the costal spot is yellow ; external to the third one is a 
white spot ; there is also a yellow patch external to the inner-mar- 
ginal spot. Hind wings blackish at the base, on the costa a large 
black spot with a yellow patch placed externally to it. Under side : 
The markings have much the character of those of the preceding- 
species, but are much lighter ; the figure very accurately represents 
them. PI. XL., 3. 
Time of Appearance. — Throughout the year in the South of 
Europe ; all through the fine season in Britain and the more 
Northern regions. 
