176 
NYMPHALW.E. 
9. — V. Antiopa, Linn. Syst. Nat. x. 476; Faun. Suec. 277 ; Esp. 
12, 2; Hiib. 79, 80; 0. I. 1, 110. 
Expands from 2-30 to 3-30 in. Wings with strongly marked 
angular projections ; reddish brown, with a purplish tinge. Hind 
margins broadly white or light yellow ; internal to this light 
border is a narrower deep black one enclosing a row of conspicuous 
blue or lilac spots. The fore wings have two whitish costal spots, 
and at the basal end of the costa a row of small white dots. 
Under side dark brown varied with black, and with a broad whitish 
hind-marginal border. PI. XLI., 2. 
Times of Appeakance. — From the beginning of August to the 
middle of October, and again from March to May, after hyberna- 
tion in the colder regions of its distribution ; in the warmer 
countries it is on the wing nearly throughout the year. 
Habitat. — Woods, gardens, river-banks, &c., throughout the 
greater part of the Northern Hemisphere, occurring throughout 
Europe with the exception of Andalusia and the Piussian Steppes, 
Northern Asia, Asia Minor, North Africa, and North and Central 
America ; in some parts of Europe, as in Britain, it is rare or very 
capricious in its appearance ; in other countries, as in Switzerland 
for example, it is as common as V. lo or Atalanta ; I have seen it 
in the streets of Paris. 
Lakva. — Black, with white dots ; from the fifth to the eleventh 
segments is a row of dorsal light red spots. The spines are black 
or dark brown ; it feeds on Salix alha, sometimes on nettle or on 
birch, in the spring and early summer. 
aberration. 
a. Hygisea, Hdrch. Cat. p. 7. — Antiojia, Htib. 933 ; Fr. 145. — 
An aberration occurring occasionally in the same localities as the 
typical form. The white or light yellow hind-marginal band is very 
broad, and the blue spots are either completely or partially absent. 
This form, which is very rare, has occurred in Britain, but seems 
to be commoner in North America than in Europe. 
