177 
10. — V. Atalanta, Linn. Syst. Nat. x. 478; Esp. 14,1; Hub. 
75, 76 ; 0. I. 1, 104 ; Fit. 181. 
Expands from 2'50 to 2*80 in. Fore wings very little angulated. 
All the wing's black ; fore wings with one large and five small 
white spots towards the apex, and crossed in the centre by a 
brilliant scarlet-red band. Hind wings with a broad hind-marginal 
band of brilliant red enclosing four black spots ; at the anal angle 
is a blue spot surmounted by a black crescent. Marginal fringes 
black and white. Under side : The hind wings are variously 
mottled with different tints of grey, brown, purple, and blue, the 
red bauds appearing of a lighter colour than above ; the entire 
pattern of the under side is very intricate and difficult to describe. 
PI. XLI., 3. 
Times of Appeaeance. — June to October, and after hyberna- 
tion, in the spring. 
Habitat. — Woods and gardens throughout Europe (with the 
exception of the Polar Eegions), Asia Minor and North Africa ; it 
also occurs in North America. In India and China it is replaced 
by the next species which is closely allied, and in New Zealand 
and the Sandwich Islands there are also species very much resem- 
bling it with black red-banded wings. (F. Cordelia, Houbh, and 
V. Gonerilla, Fabr.). 
Larva. — Greenish grey sprinkled with black, and with a pale 
yellow lateral line. The legs are shining black ; the claspers reddish 
brown ; spines black or reddish brown ; very variable in colouration. 
Feeds on the common nettle {Urtica dioica) in June and July. 
Pupa angulated, yellowish grey varied with brown or purple, 
and decorated on the thorax with metallic spots, as is usual in this 
genus. 
11. — V. Callirhoe, Fab. Syst. Ent. 473 (1775) ; Mill. Icon. PI. 
88, i. p. 354. 
Atalanta Indica, Hbst. T. 180, 1, 2. 
VuLCANicA, Godt. Encyc. Meth. ix. 320. 
Expands from 2’25 to 2*50 in. Close to Atalanta, but rather 
smaller ; and the red band of the fore wings is larger, more sinuous, 
and of a deeper red ; it is also marked on its internal edge with 
2 A 
