194 
NYMPHALWM. 
Habitat. — Mountain pastures at a considerable elevation in 
the Alps of Eastern Switzerland and the Tyrol. Scarce and local. 
Laeva. — Unknown. 
Genus 5. — ARGYNNIS, Fab. 111. Mag. vi. p. 283 (1807); 
Latr. Enc. Meth. ix. p. 10 (1819) ; Doubl. Hew. Gen. 
E). L. p. 171 (1848). — Brenthis et Argynnis, Hiib. Verz. 
bek. Schmett. 30-32 (1816). 
Larva cylindrical, spiny ; the prothoracic segment with two 
spines longer than the rest. Generally of a brown colour, with 
lighter or darker longitudinal lines. They are solitary, and in the 
greater number of species feed on plants belonging to the order 
Violacea’. 
Pupa angular, with a distinct dorsal depression. The pupae 
of the smaller species are less angular than those of the larger, 
thus somewhat resembling those of the last genus. ^ The pupae of 
the larger species, such as Argynnis Bapliia, &c., are decorated with 
metallic spots even brighter than those of Vanessa. 
Imago large or of medium size. The eyes are smooth. The 
antennae are long and slender, with short oval clubs. The palpi 
are longer than the head, three-jointed, the middle articulation 
being more or less swollen. The wings on their uiiper surface are 
bright fulvous in the male ; in the female generally duller, and 
sometimes suffused with dark olive-green ; this is seen in the var. 
Napcea of A. Bales, and in A. Paphia var. Valezina; whilst in 
Argynnis Sagana, a Siberian species, it is the normal condition. 
The wings are generally fulvous with a pattern of black spots. 
The spots on the area of the wings are narrow or quadrate ; 
parallel to the hind margin is a row of rounded spots, whilst along 
the hind margin itself is always a row of crescentic markings. In 
some of the larger species the males have the nervures of the fore 
wings broadly black. These markings are very similar in the 
different species, and it is chiefly to the under side of the hind 
wings that we must look for distinctive markings. They generally 
consist of yellow, metallic silvery, or pearly spots, arranged on a 
ground of purple, brown, or green ; sometimes the metallic markings 
