226 
DANAIDM. 
in migratory hordes, like some of the Pieridce, flying with a slow 
but steady progress, and often soaring high into the air with 
expanded wings. It is well known that the species of this family 
are distasteful to birds, either on account of the toughness of their 
tissues or else of the presence of some acrid secretion. On this 
account their colour and markings are often strangely mimicked by 
other Lepidoptera, especially among the Papilionidce and Pieridce, 
and notably in the genus Diadema among the Nijmplialidce. 
The species of this genus do not inhabit forest lands, but 
prefer open spaces, plains, and meadows. Danais Arckippus is 
said to be commonly seen in the streets of large cities in the 
United States. 
1. — D. Chrysippus, Linn. Syst. Nat. x. 471; Hiib. 678-9; 0. iv. 
120; Boisd. Ic. 18, 3; Dup. i. 17, 1, 2. 
Expands from 2-50 to 3-25 in. All the wings fulvous, with a 
dull reddish tinge. Fore wings black on the costa, the apex black, 
the black colour covering about one-third of the area of the wing 
and extending along the hind margin. On the black portion of the 
wing near the apex are three or four large white spots nearly 
confluent ; some small white spots at the apex, and some more in 
the centre of the hind margin. Hind wings with three black spots 
placed on the outer edge of the discoidal cell ; hind margin with 
a continuous black border, spotted with white. Under side : Fore 
wings the same colour as above, but the apex, external to the large 
white spots, is yellowish, with the exception of the black border 
spotted with white, which extends the entire length of the hind 
margin. Hind wings yellowish brown, the three discoidal black 
spots being bordered with white ; around the wing, from the centre 
of the costa to the anal angle, is a black border enclosing a row of 
white spots having a very regular arrangement ; there are generally 
some white basal spots, and the thorax is black, spotted with white 
or yellow. 
Time of Appearance. — July. 
Habitat. — In Europe, Central and Eastern Greece : it was 
found in South Italy, near Naples, at the commencement of the 
century, l)ut is said to have been destroyed l)y the unusual 
