GARRULIN/E. 
fruits and seeds ; but they also visit cultivated grounds and orchards for the fruits and certain vegetables to which they 
are partial. They sometimes suck the eggs of birds in their nests ; and even young birds do not escape them, especially 
those that are feeble and sickly, in preying upon which, they place them under their feet, and with their bills tear them 
to pieces, swallowing each piece separately. The imitations of quadrupeds' as well as birds, which are practised by 
the common species, are most exact and ludicrous. Their nest is composed of sticks, lined with fibrous roots of plants, 
and is usually placed in the most unfrequented parts of the forest. The eggs are generally from five to six in number. 
1. G. ylandarius (Linn.) PI. enl. 481., Gould s B. Eur. pi. 214. 
2. G. atricapillus Geoffr. — Garrulus melanocephalus Bonelli, 
Mem. Acad. Turin, xxxvii. 298. 1 . 1 . 
3. G. gularis Gray, 111. Ind. Zool. pi. — Garrulus lanceolatus 
Vigors, Proc. Z. S. 1830. 7., Gould’s Cent, of Birds, pi. 39, 40.; 
G. Vigorsii Gray, 111. Ind. Zool. pi. 
4. G. ornatus Gray, Illustrations of Ind. Zool. pi. — Garrulus 
bispecularis Vigors Proc. Z. S. 1 830. 7., Gould’s Cent, of Birds, 
pi. 38. 
5. G. P Panderi (Fisch.) Mem. de la Soc. Imp. Mosc. vi. t. 21. ; 
Type of Podoces Fischer (1823). 
Perisoreus Pr. Bonap * 
Bill short, with the base broad, the sides compressed, the oilmen sloping to the tip which is slightly 
curved and emarginated, and the gonys rounded and ascending ; the nostrils basal, lateral, and hidden 
by the projecting basal plumes. Wings moderate, rounded, with the fourth, fifth, and sixth quills the 
longest. Tail moderate and rounded. Tarsi longer than the middle toe and scutellated. Toes 
moderate, with the outer toe longer than the inner : the hind toe long, and armed with a slightly curved 
claw. 
These birds inhabit the woods and forests of the most northern parts of Europe and North America, mioratino- to the 
south in very severe winters, but usually returning on the first appearance of more genial weather. The American 
species is generally seen in pairs or in small societies, in the most solitary and pathless forests, flitting leisurely from 
branch to branch, and sometimes on the ground, keeping up a kind of low chattering with its fellows.” They feed on 
black moss, worms, and even flesh ; and are bold, entering habitations, and stealing whatever they can carry off. They 
lay up for winter’s use hoards of their usual food, in hollow places or between the layers of the bark of decayed trees. 
The nest is built in pine trees, formed of sticks and grass, and they lay from two to three eggs. 
1 . P . infaustus (Linn.) Pr. Bonap. Sparr. Mus. Carls, t. 76 . — 
Corvus sibiricus Bodd. PL enl. 6'08., Le Vaill. Ois. lie Parad. t. 
47- J C. russicus Gmel. Gould’s Birds of Euiope pi. 215. ; C. mimus 
Pall. 
2 . V. canadensis (Linn.) Pr. Bonap. PI. enl. £30., Wils. Amer. 
Orn. pi. 21. f. 1 . — Garrulus fuscus Vieill . ; Pica nuelialis IVagl. ; 
Coracias mexicanus Temm. ; Garrulus brachyrliynchus S, rains’. 
Faun. Bor. Amer. pi. 55., Audub. B. of Amer. pi. 107. 
3. P. ferrugineus (Bechst.) Le Vaill. Ois. Par. t. 48. — Corvus 
canadensis Linht. ? 
Cyanocorax Boie. f 
BiU moderate, slightly compressed on the sides, with the culmen slightly curved from the base to the 
tip, which is scarcely emarginated ; the gonys gradually curved upwards toward the tip; the lateral 
margins slightly curved; the nostrils basal, lateral, and partly hidden by the projecting frontal plumes 
* Established by the Prince of Canino (Sagg. Distr. Nat. Anim. Vert. p. 43.) in 1831 and in the 
Dysornitltia for the same birds. 
t This genus was established by M. Boie (Tsu) in 1826. In 1831, Mr. Swainson gave this division 
r p 
same year Mr. Swainson proposed 
the name of Cyannrun. 
