Order II. PASSERES. 
Tribe IV. Conirostres. 
Family III. Sturnidte. 
The sixth Subfamily, 
ICTERINiE, or Hangnests, 
have the Bill more or less lengthened, with both mandibles straight or slightly curved towards the tips, 
"which are acute and entire ; the Wings lengthened and pointed ; the Tail long and generally wedge- 
shaped. ; the Tarsi as long as, or shorter than, the middle toe, and broadly scaled ; and the Toes model ate, 
and formed for grasping. 
Cacicus Cuv .* 
■Till conic, longer than the head, with the culmen straight, broad, rather rounded and depressed, 
specially at the base, where it advances in a crescent on the forehead, and separates the frontal plumes, 
a nd acute at the tip ; the sides compressed, and the lateral margins straight, but rather angulated at the 
base ; the nostrils basal, lateral, naked, oval, and pierced in the substance of the bill. Wings lengthened 
and pointed, with the third and fourth quills longest. Tail lengthened and graduated. Tarsi shorter 
than the middle toe, and strongly scaled. Toes moderate, strong, with the lateral ones equal ; the hind 
toe as long as the middle ; and all strongly scaled, and armed with moderate curved claws. 
The birds which form this division are peculiar to the tropical parts of America, residing on the trees in the vast 
t°i'ests, or near the habitations of man, in troops of considerable numbers. In such places they are frequently seen 
actively engaged in seeking their food, which consists of different kinds of fruits, berries, insects,, and caterpillars that 
n hest the trees. The nest is most ingeniously woven by the mutual labour of both sexes. It is composed of fibre? 
an d dry grasses, &c., in the form of a cylinder, sometimes of the length of three feet; the lower part is hemispherical, 
aT1( l it is suspended from the ends of the slender branches of lofty trees, many of them hanging from one tree. 
30 ’ ( ' cris(a tus (Gmel.) Daud. PI. enl. 344., Swains. Orn. Draw. 
' ^ an thornus maximus Pall., Azara No. 57* 
() ' C - vir idis (Bodd.) PI. enl. 328. — Oriolus cristatus var. Lath. ; 
\a U u lr0Stris Shaw ; Cassicus angustifrons Spix, Av. Bras. t. 62 . ; 
' g 0rnus virens, Naturf. 18. s. 1. 1. 1. 
gj j. ^ Mrovirens (D’Orb.& Lafr.) Voy. dans l’Amer. Me'r. Ois. t. 
t Yuracares (D'Orb. & Lafr.) Voy. dans l’Amer. Mer.Ois. 
^ifasciatus (Spix), Spix Av. Bras. t. 6 1. 
• c - Montezuma (Less.) Less. Cent. Zool. t. 7- 
Cas ' ^ ' ^ atirostr ^ s (Swains.) Two Cent, and a Quarter, p. 358. — 
SS1CUS Popayanus Waterh, Proc. Z. S. 1840. 183. ; Type of Ocy- 
1Us Waterh. (i 8 40.) 
q C - Wag/eri G. R. Gray. 
• C. hatmorrhous (Linn.) Daud. PI. enl. 482., Swains. Orn. 
u ra\v. ' . 
R ' ' assicus af finis Swains. Orn. Draw. 2. ; Cassicus ruber 
ns*. 
10. C. solitarius (Vieill.) — Cassicus nigerrimus Spix, Av. Bras, 
t. 63. f. 1., Swains. Orn. Draw. 4.; Amblyramphus Prevostii Less. 
Cent. Zool. t. 54., Azara No. 58. 
11. C. chrysonotus (D’Orb. & Lafr.) Voy. dans l’Amer. Mer. 
Ois. t. 52. f. 1. 
12. C. persicus (Linn.) Daud. PI. enl. 184.— Oriolus Cassicus 
Shaw ; Cassicus icteronotus Vieill. Swains. Orn. Draw. 3. ; C. luteus 
Jiriss. 
13. C. albirostris (Vieill.) Nouv. Diet. H. N. v. p. 364., Azara 
No. 59. Xanthornus chrysopterus Vigors, Zool. Journ. 111. p.190. 
pi. 9. suppl. 
14. C. melanicterus (Pr. Bonap.) Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 
Jard. & Selby’s 111. Orn. pi. 45. — Cassiculus coronatus Swains.; 
Type of Cassiculus Swains. (1827); Icterus diadematus Temm. 
PI. col. 482. 
15. ? C. leucurus (Pr. Max.) Pr. Max. Beitr. zur Naturgesch. 
p. 1245. 
(18o 7\^ S '3* v ' s ' on "' as proposed by Cuvier ( Anatomic Comparee) between 1799 all< l 
a portin' * Vieillot used the name of Cassicus. Cassiculus of Mr. Swainson (18 7) 
0n ° n of this genus. 
It is the first section of Psarocolius of Wagler 
and Ocyalus (1840) of Mr. Waterhouse form 
