Order II. PASSERES. 
Tribe IV. Conirostres. 
Family IV. Fringillux®. 
The third Subfamily, 
TANAGRINiE, or Tanagers, 
have the Bill more or less triangular at the base, with the culmen more or less arched to the tip, which is 
m °re or less emarginated ; the Wings moderate and somewhat pointed ; the larsi and foes snort and 
slender, and the hind toe rather lengthened and strong, with the Claws strong and curved. 
Emberizoides Temm.* 
. Bill rather long, conic, the culmen more or less arched, with the tip slightly emarginated, and the 
sides compressed towards the tip, the lateral margins more or less arched and sinuated ; the nostrils basal, 
sunk in a triangular space, and naked. Wings short and rounded, with the second to the fifth quills 
nearly equal and longest. Tail lengthened, and more or less graduated and pointed, larsi robust, 
strongly scutellated, and as long as the middle toe. Toes long, with the outer shorter than the inner ; 
tne claws slender, long, and curved. 
, are peculiar to the marshy plains of the warmer parts of South America ; generally live m pmrs ^m the thick 
foliage of the lar^e bushes ; but seek their food on the ground, where they can walk very quickly, though then night is 
Ver y slow. 
b E. macroura (Gmel.) — Emberizoidesmarginalis Temm. El. col. 
p b f- 2. ; Sphenura fringillaris Licht . ; Sylvia herbicola Vieill. ; 
asser ‘na sphenura Vieill ., Azara No. 230. 
2. E. melanotis Temm. PI. col. 114. f. 1.— Type of Leptonyx 
Swains. (1837). 
Pipilo Vieill. f 
. Bill short, conic, thick at the base, with the culmen slightly arched, and the tip but slightly emar- 
gmated, the lateral margins nearly straight, angulated at the base, and covering those ol the towel 
buandible, which are inflected ; the nostrils lateral, basal, rounded, and exposed. Wings short, with the 
'i ,r d and fourth quills equal, and longest. Tail lengthened, and slightly emarginated in the middle.^ 
T- rs i rather short, as long as the middle toe, and strong. Toes long and slender, with the inner 
s horter than the outer ; the claws slender, long, and rather curved. 
These species are found in various parts of the New World, and are fond of close sheltered thickets near streams 
; 'vater, and where there is plenty of dry leaves, among which they search for worms, and the larva? and eggs o 
nsects; they also feed on various hard seeds and grains. The nest, Wilson says, is fixed on the 
„ q leave s, near, and sometimes under, a thicket of briars, and is large and substantial. _ The outside is oi . ‘ , 
1, ' p r y pieces of grape-vine bark, and the inside of fine stalks of dried grass, the cavity complete y su 
^ lr |ace of the ground, and sometimes half-covered above with dry grass or hay. The eggs are usua y , 1 
es i colour, thickly marked with specks of rufous, most numerous near the thick end. 
b P- erythrophlhalma (Linn.) Vieill. Wils. Amer. Orn. pi. 10. f. 
£ o yu™ opnihaima iiann.j 
’ c, 'l'b b 5. — Pipilo ater Vieill. 
Til ' ' m( iculata Swains. Phil. Mag. 1827. 434., Jard. & Selby’s 
“•Ora. pi. 3 1 & 32. 
45, arter > 312. fig. 60. ; Carduelis rufogularis Less. Rev. Zool. 1839- 
P- a rctica Swains. Faun. Bor. Am. ii. pi. 51. & 52. 
P. thoracica (111.) — P. rufitorques Swains. Two Cent, and a 
5. P. personata Swains. Two Cent, and a Quarter, 311. fig. 58. 
' °6.’ p Be wpercffiMO B Swains. Two Cent, and a Quarter, 211. 
fiS ' 7 f P. macrons Swains. Phil. Mag 1827. 434. 
8. V. fusca Swains. Phil. Mag. 1827. 43 . 
9. P. rufescens Swains. Phil. Mag. 1827- 434. 
* Tlii„ , , , , , rhlnrum in 1840. Mr. Swainson, in 1827, proposed 
Tdrdivnla gGnas was established by M. Temminck (PL col.), who has since c lange j . t j, e i at ter name was changed by me to Cory- 
phasn' • an< 5 ln 1837, the same author established Leptonyx, both of which are coeq , 
l ptza > in 1840. 
1 "'as in his Analyse,, p. 32. (1816), that Vieillot proposed this genus. 
