TANAGRIX/E, 
Arremon Vieill.* 
Bill short, conic, the culmen elevated at the base and nearly straight to the tip, which is slightly bent 
and emarginated, the sides compressed, and the lateral margins nearly straight or slightly sinuated and 
inflected ; the nostrils basal, small, and partly concealed by the frontal plumes. Wings short, with the 
four first quills graduated, and the fourth and fifth the longest. Tail moderate, and rounded at the end. 
Tam longer than the middle toe, and slender. The Toes moderate and slender, and the lateral ones 
equal; the claws moderate, slender, and slightly curved. 
These birds are peculiar to the warmer parts of South America. They are generally seen in pairs, or in small groups, 
on the lower parts of the bushes, where they are very active, hopping from branch to branch in search of their food, 
which consists of seeds, &c. ’ 
1. Ar. silens (Lath.) PI. enl. 742 Ar. affinis D’Orb % Lafr. 
Voy. Amer. Ois. pi. 28. f. 1.; Ar. torquatus D'Orb. ^ Lafr. 
2. Ar. torquatus Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. 78., Desm. Tang. pi. . 
3. Ar. rufivertex FI. Prev. Zool. Venus, Rev. Zool. 1842. 335. 
4. Ar. atropileus Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1842. 335. 
5. Ar. giganteus Pr. Bonap. Proc. Z. S. 1837. 117. 
6. Ar. rubrirostris Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1840. 227. 
7. Ar. super ciliaris Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1840. 227. 
8. Ar . flavopectus Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1840. 227. 
9. Ar . flavirostris Swains. Two Cent, and a Quarter, 347. 
10. Ar. semitorquatus Swains. Two Cent, and a Quarter, 357. 
11. Ar. ? assimilis Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1840. 67. 
12. Ar. albo-frenatus Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1840. 6'8. 
13. Ar. pallidinucha Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1840. 68. 
14. Ar. schistaceus Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1840. 69. 
1 5. Ar. semirnfus Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1 840. 69. 
16. Ar. gutturalis Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843. 98. 
17. Ar. rufinucha D'Orb. & Lafr. Voy. Amer, Mer. Ois. pi. 27. 
f. 2 Embernagra rufinucha D'Orb. Sj Lafr. 
Embernagra Less.f 
Bill . moderate, conic, the culmen elevated at the base, and nearly straight to the tip, which is slightly 
emarginated, the sides compressed and the lateral margins sinuated; the nostrils basal, exposed ^ and 
rounded. Wings short, with the fourth to the sixth quills the longest. Tail lengthened and rounded. 
Tarsi strong, and longer than the middle toe. Toes long, strong, the lateral ones nearly equal, with the 
lund toe nearly as long as the middle one, and robust ; the front claws short and curved, and the hind 
one long and much curved. 
The species of this genus are peculiar to the warmer parts of South America. Some are always met with in the 
marshes, where they are seen perched on reeds and other kinds of aquatic plants; others seek the cultivated ..laces, and 
such as are covered with small bushes, 111 small flocks of five or six individuals. They, however, frequently descend 
to the ground to search for their food, which consists of seeds. The nest is built in the midst of great tufts of marsh 
grass, or 111 small bushes, of dried grasses which are cleverly twisted together, in which are deposited five or six eg-s. 
1 . E. viridis (Vieill.) Less. — Tanagra fabialata M us. de Paris, 
Less. Tr. d’Orn. 
2. E. platensis (Gmel.) D’Orb. & Lafr. — Emberiza bonariensis 
Comm. ; Embernagra dumetorum Less. Azara No. 90. 
3. E . allnnucha D’Orb. & Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1838. 165. — E. 
mexicana Less. Rev. Zool. 1839. 42. 
4. E. brunneinucha Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1839. 97- 
5. E. pyrgitoides Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1839. 97. 
6. E. olivascens D’Orb. & Lafr. Voy. Amer, Me'r. Ois. p. 285. 
7. E. superciliosa (Swains.) Two Cent, and a Quarter, 314. 
8. E. rufescens (Swains.) Two Cent, and a Quarter, 315. — 
Type of Aimophila Strains. (1837). 
9. ?E. pileata (Wagl.) Isis, 1831. 526. — Type of Altapetes 
Wagler (1831). 
10. E. poliocephala (Gould), Voy. Beagle, Birds, p. 98. 
11. E. longicauda Strickl. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1844. 420. 
PlTYLUS CUV.% 
. BUI short, very broad, somewhat swollen on the sides, the culmen much arched, with the tip emar- 
gmated, and the lateral margins much sinuated, and angulated at the base, the gonys lengthened and 
advancing upwards ; the nostrils basal, small, and concealed by the frontal plumes. Wings moderate, 
* Founded by Vieillotin his Analyse, p. 32., in 1816. 
f H was in the Traite d’ Ornithobgie, p. 465. 1831, that M. Lesson gave name to this genus. Mr. Swainson’s Aimophila. 1837, is coequal : 
and it probably embraces Altapetes (1831) of Wagler. 
t First established by Cuvier, 1817, in his Regnc Animal, 1st edit. p. 390. 
