°rder II. PASSERES. 
Tribe IV. Conirostres. 
Family IY. Fringillid.e. 
The fourth Subfamily, 
FRINGILLINiE, or Finches, 
have the Bill short, conic, and more or less broad at the base, with the culmen sloping, and the sides 
compressed to the tip, which is generally entire ; the gonys long, and advancing upwards ; the Y mgs 
m °re or less lengthened and pointed ; the Tail varying in length, sometimes with the ends of the feathers 
Ruminated ; the Tarsi as long as, or shorter than, the middle toe, slender, and transversely scaled ; the 
foes more or less long and slender ; the hind toe moderate ; the claws geneially long, cuived, and acute 
Estrelda Swains .* 
Sill more or less strong, conical, and broad at the base, with the culmen sloping, and the sides 
impressed to the tip, which is slightly emarginated ; the gonys long, and advancing upwards; the 
n °strils basal, lateral, and very small, sometimes hidden by the frontal plumes. Wings rather short; 
^ith the first quill minute ; the second nearly as long as the third and fourth, which are equal and longest. 
more or less lengthened, and graduated or rounded. Tarsi rather shorter than the middle toe, 
slender, and covered in front with broad transverse scales. Toes long and slender, with the inner toe 
Sorter than the outer ; the hind toe long and slender ; the claws long, curved, and very acute. 
The species of this genus are found in Africa, Asia, and Australia. They frequent in small flocks the meadows and 
Bushy g roundg , but be observed in gardens near houses. Their food consists of seeds and buds of small plants, 
disturbed from among the grass, they prefer to perch on the neighbouring bushes, rather than fly o to any is ance 
E - astrild (Linn.) Swains. PI. enl. 157- f. 2., Kittl. Kupf. 
®S- t. lo. f. 2 Fringilla undulata Pall. Edw. Birds, pl. 354. f. 2. 
f - 2.; P. tricolor Vieill. Ois. chant, t. 12. 
E. ? pj. enl. 230. f. 2. — Loxia astrild var. 
E . amandava (Linn.) PI. enl. 115. f. 3. & 2. var., Vieill. Ois. 
C ant - h 1, 2., Edw. Birds, pl. 355. f. 1.— Fringilla punicea Horsf. 
t 4 ' E - benghala (Linn.) Pl. enl. 115. f. 1., Kittl. Kupf. Vog. 
' 10 - f 3., Vieill. Ois. chant, t. 5. — Fringilla angolensis Linn.; 
mida phsenicotis Swains. B. of W. Afr. t. 14., Edw. Birds, 
Pk 131. 
5 - E. senegala (Linn.) Pl. enl. 157- f- 1., Vieill. Ois. chant, t. 9- 
6. E. 
granatina (Linn.) Pl. enl. 109- f. 3., Vieill. Ois. chant. 
_ ’ Edw. Birds, pl. 191. 
. '• E. melanum (Vieill.) Pl. enl. 230. f. 3., Brown’s Must. 
’ 2 9- upp. flg> 
8. E. leucura (Gmel.) Brown’s Ulustr. t. 29- lower fig. 
9. E. bella (Lath.) Griff. An. Kingd. ii. pl. P- ■> Vieil • 
chant, t. 55., Gould, B. of Austr. iii. pl. 78. 
,0. E. erythronota (Vieill.) Ois. chant, t. 14. -Estrelda hpnuana 
A. Smith. r , 
11. E. melanogaster Swains. B. of W. Afr. p. J ■ 
12. E. rufopectus Fras. Proc. Z. S. 1843. p. 27- 
13. E. melanotis (Temm.) Pl- col. 221. f. 1- 
14. E. polyzona (Temm.) Pl. col. 221. f. 3. 
15. E. rubricata (Licht.) Cat. Dupl. Berh Mus. p. 27- 
16. frontalis (Vieill.) Ois. chant, t. 1. 
17. E. squamifrons A. Smith, Rep. 8. Afr. Exped. p. 49-, Mustr. 
Zoo!. S. Afr. Birds, pL 0 is. t 18 . f. 2., 
18. E. oculea Quoy & Gatm. voy. 
Gould, B. of Austr. iii. pL 79- 
* c tt i in 1847 while Loxiqilla of M. Lesson (1830) 
1 synon tabl ' Shed by Mr ‘ Swainson in 1827 ' M ' Cabanis changcd tldS " ame % MM Hombron et Jacquemont. 
ytl °nyinous. It embraces Pytelia of Mr. Swainson (1837), and Neochmia, of MM. Horn 
