FRINGILLINjE. 
46. P .lutiventris Meyen, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xvi. Suppl. 1. 12. f. 3. 
4/- F. brevirostris Gould, Voy. Beagle, Birds, p. 
48. F. petronia Linn. PI. enl. 225.— Fringilla stulta Gmel. Gould, 
®- of Eur. pi. 186.; Petronia rupestris Bonap. ; Fringilla leucura 
Gmel. ; F. bononiensis Gmel. ; Type of Petronia Kaup (1829-). 
49. F. superciliaris Hay. Journ. A. S. B. xiv. p. 553. 
50. F. flavicollis Frankl. Proc. Z. S. 1832. p. 120.; Type of 
Gymuornis Hodgs. (1844.) 
51. F. cannabina Linn. PI. enl. 151. f. 1. & 485. f. 2. Trin- 
g'Ua linota Gmel. Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 191-1 Passer papaverina 
]‘ a ll. ; Fringilla minima Bodd. ; F. argentoratensis Gmel. ; Type 
of Cannabina Brehm (1828.). 
52. F . flavirostris Linn. Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 192. Fringilla 
m °ntium Gmel. 
53. F. Unaria Linn. PL enl. 485. f. 2., Wils. Amer. Orn. pi. 30. 
4. — Fringilla rufescens Vieill. Sav., Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 1 94. ; 
Canaria rubra Gesn., Audub. B. of Amer. pi. 375. 
54. F. borealis Vieill. Vieill. Gal. des Ois. t. . — Fringilla 
Cnaria Savi, Audub. B. of Austr. pi. 400. f. 2. 
55. F. canescens (Gould), B. of Eur. pi. 193. 
56. F. pusilla (Pall.) Zoogr. ii. p. 28. t. 
' J 7- F. Hornemanii Holb. Isis, 1845. p. 759- 
58. F . fusca Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1842. 192- 
59. F. rubrifrons Hay, Madr. Journ. Lit. & Sci. 
6o - F. caniceps (D’Orb.) Voy. l’lle de Cuba, Ois. pi. l6. 
6 C F. gularis (A. Smith), Rep. S. Afr. Exp. p. 49- 
F. atrogularis (A. Smith), Rep. S. Afr. Exp. p. 49- 
®3. F. arctoa (Pall.) Zoogr. ii. p. 21. 
®4. F. Gebleri Brandt, Bull. Acad. Sci. Petersb. 1842. p. 18. — 
p asser arctous var. Pall. 
65. F. brunneonucha Brandt, Bull. Acad. Sci. Petersb. 1 842. p. 
18. — Passer arctous var. n. Pall. 
66. F. griseonucha Brandt, Bull. Acad. Sci. Petersb. 1842. p. 
1 9. — Passer arctous var. y. 
67. F. arvensis Kittl. Mem. Acad. Petersb. ii. 
68. ? F. testacea Jacq. Jacq. t. 12. 
69. ? F. minima Linn. Jacq. t. 13. 
70. F. tephrocotis Swains., Fauna Bor. Amer. Birds, pi. 50. — 
Type of Lencosticte Swains. (1831.). 
71. F. griseogenys Gould, Proc. Z. S. 1843. p. 104., \ oy. of 
Sulpli. Birds, pi. 
72. F. anatoides (Lafr.) Rev. Zool. 1847. p. 75. 
73. F. inornata (Lafr.) Rev. Zool. 1847- p. 75. 
74. F. nivalis Linn. — Passer alpicola Pall. ; Fringilla saxatilis 
Koch; Plectrophanes fringilloides Boie, Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 189- ; 
Type of Montifringilla Brehm (1828.). 
75. F. nemoricola Hodgs. As. Res. xix. p. . — Type of Fringa- 
luuda Hodgs. (1836.) 
76. F. hyemalis Linn. — Fringilla hudsonia Forst. Wils. Amer. 
Orn. pi. 16. f. 6.; Emberiza nivalis Wils. Audub. Birds of Amer. 
pi. 13., Gould, Birds of Eur. pi. 190.; Type of Nephsea Audub. 
(1839.) 
77. F. oregona (Towns.) Audub. B. of Amer. pi. 098. 
78. F. ? crispa Linn. Edvv. Birds, pi. 271- f- L 
79. F. obscura Vieill. Edw. Birds, pi. 270. f. 2. — Fringilla atra 
Gmel. 
80. F. longirostris Gmel. Briss. Orn. iii. t. 15. f. 2. 
81. F. cinerea Swains. Philos. Mag. 1827. P- 435. Junco 
pluenotus Wagl. ; Type of Junco Wagl. (1831.) 
Passer Briss.* 
SHI strong, subconical, and broad at the base, with the culraen rounded, slightly arched, and the sides 
^pressed to the tip, which is slightly emarginated ; the lateral margins straight ; the gonys long an 
cu rved upwards; the nostrils basal, lateral, with the opening partly covered by the frontal plumes. 
W in gs moderate, with the second and third quills rather longer than the first. Tail moderate, and even 
0r lightly forked. Tarsi strong, nearly the length of the middle toe, and covered with transvei se 
scales. Toes moderate ; the lateral toes nearly equal ; the claws moderate and acute. 
. T he species of this division are found in Europe, Asia, and Africa. Most of the species reside in the cuitmited^and 
habited places, even in the midst of cities; while others never venture near the dwellings o m . ^ ^ 
“MiMs Of all kinds of grains, which they generally seek for on the groond and seeds ®well^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 
eir young are principally fed with insects, both m the perfect and impel ec b ■ fer ^ holes of treeg . 
r alls °f buildings, or in the thatch, but sometimes it is formed upon trees or hed b e . P 
“ composed of hay, straw, and feathers, loosely put together; but more pains are taken with it if placed m a tree. 
Th 
e e S?gs are four or five in number, 
Spur 
P - domesticus Linn. PI. enl. 55. f. 1. — Fringilla Candida 
’ ” ’• p L enl. 6. f. 1., Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 184. f. 1. 
. 2-? p . italicus Vieill. Stor. degli Ucc. t. 340. — Fringilla cisal- 
P ' r,a Te mm. Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 185. f. 2. 
3. P. jagoensis Gould, Voy. Beagle, Birds pi. 31. 
4 ? p salicarius Vieill. Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 185. f. 1 
Frinir illa hispaniolensis Temm . ; F. sardoa Saw. 
5 P montanus (Linn.) PL enl. 267- t. 1 ., Edw. Birds, pi. 269- 
* Established by Brisson in 1760. 
Pyrgita of Cuvier (1817) ls coequal. 
