FRTNGILLINfiE. 
— Passer montanina Pall., Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 184. f. 2.; Fringilla 
campestris Schr. ; Loxia hamburgia Gmel. 
6. P. cinnamomeus Gould, P. Z. S. 1835. 185. — Passer indicus 
Jard. Sf Selby, 111. Orn. pi. 118. ; Fringilla inda Licht. ? 
7. P. simplex Swains. — Pyrgita Swainsoni Rupp. Faun. t. 33. 
f. 2 . ; Pyrgita gularis Less. 
8. P. concolor (Jard.) Madr. Journ. Lit. & Sci. 1840. 28. 
.0. P. pyrrhopterus (Less.) Less. Zool. Belang. Voy. p. 271. 
10. P. arcuatus (Gmel.) PI. enl. 230. f. 1. 
11. P. rutilans (Temm.) Strickl. PI. col. 588. f. 2. 
12. P. pileatus (Bodd.) PI. enl. 386. f. 2. — Emberiza nuchalis 
Temm. 
13. P. molitensis (A. Smith), Rep. S. Afr. Exp. p. 50., Illustr. 
Zool. of S. Afr. Birds, pi. 114. 
14. P. diffusus (A. Smith), Rep. S. Afr. Exp. p. 50. 
15. P. teydea Webb & Berth. Voy. Isl. Canar. t. 1. 
Zonotrichia Swains * 
Hill short and perfectly conic, thick at the base, and rather conical, with the culmen sloping, and the 
sides compressed to the tip, which is entire 5 the lateral margins nearly straight ; the gonys long and 
ascending , the nostuls basal, lateral, and sunk in a small groove, with the openino* oval and 
generally exposed. Wings moderate, with the first quill shorter than the second, third, and fourth, 
which are the longest. Tail rather long, broad, and nearly even at its end. Tarsi shorter than the 
middle toe, rather strong, and covered with broad scales. Toes long and slender, with the inner toe 
shorter than the outer ; the outer toe united at its base ; the hind toe long, and armed with a long, 
curved, acute claw. 
The species which form this genus are found in North and South America. Those of the northern parts of the 
continent migrate on the approach of winter to the southern districts, which change of abode is sometimes performed in 
the night. They live singly, or in small flocks, on the bushes or thickets, especially those on the sides of rivers or in 
swampy situations, hopping and searching among the brandies for insects and their larvse. They also examine the 
fallen and withered leaves, or among the roots and dead branches of trees, for their food, which consists of grass seeds, 
berries, and insects ; sometimes the latter are pursued on the wing. Their flight is low and undulating, and their song 
consists of a series of brilliant and clear notes, usually poured forth from the summit of a bush, and in some instances 
continued for a considerable period. The nest is large, generally placed on the ground among moss or tall grass, and 
composed of coarse interwoven with fine grass, lined interiorly with fine fibrous roots and feathers. The female 
deposits four to seven eggs. 
1. Z. albicollis (Gmel.) Wils. Amer. Orn. pi. 22. f. 2 Frin- 
gilla pennsylvanica Lath. Edw. Birds, pi. 304., Audub. B. of 
Amer. pi. 8. ; Fringilla striata Gmel. 
2. Z. melodia (Wils.) Wils. Amer. Orn. pi. 16. f. 4. — Fringilla 
fasciata ? Gmel. Audub. B. of Amer. pi. 25 . ; Passerina musica 
VieiU. 
3. Z. graminea (Gmel.) Wils. Amer. Orn. pi. 31. f. 5., Audub. 
B. of Amer. pi. 94. 
4. Z. leucophrys (Forst.) Wils. Amer. Orn. pi. 31. f. 4. 
5. Z. Gambelii (Nutt.) Man. Orn. i. p. 556. 2nd edit. — Frin- 
gilla leucophrys And. (in part), Audub. B. of Amer. pi. 114. 
6. Z. matutina (Licht.) Kittl. Kupf. der Vog. t. 23. f. 3. — 
Tanagra ruficollis Spi.v, Av. Bras. t. 53. f. 3. ; Pyrgita peruviana 
Less. Azara, No. 135. ; Fringilla australis? Lath.; Zonotrichia 
subtorquata Swains. 
7. Z. canicapilla (Gould), Voy. Beagle, Birds, p. 91. 
8. Z. strigiceps (Gould), Voy. Beagle, Birds, p. 92. 
* Established by Mr. Swainson (1831). It embraces Passerella 
Canino (1838), and Chondestes of Mr. Swainson (1831). 
9- Z. cinerea (Gmel.). 
10. Z. guttata (Nutt.) Gamb. — Fringilla cinerea Audub. (non 
Gmel.) Audub. B. of Amer. pi. 390. f. 1 . 
11. Z. querula (Nutt.) Gamb. Man. Orn. i. p. 555. Fringilla 
Harrisii Audub. B. of Amer. 2nd edit. pi. 484. 
12. Z. chlorura ? (Audub.) Gamb. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil- 
i. p. 51. pi. 9. f. 1. — Fringilla Blandingiana Gamb. Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Philad. i. p. 260. ; Fringilla chlorura Audub. Orn. Biogr. v. 
p. 336. 
13. Z. atricapilla (Gmel.). 
14. Z. aurocapilla (Nutt.) Gamb Fringilla atricapilla Audub. 
non Lath.) B. of Amer. pi. 39 4. f. 3. 
15. Z. Mortoni (Audub.) Orn. Biogr. v. p. 312., B. of Amer. 
2nd edit. 
16. Z. pusilla (VVils.) Wils. Amer. Orn. pi. 16. f. 2., Audub. B- 
of Amer. pi. 139- — Fringilla juncorum Nutt.; Type of Spizella 
Pr. Bonap. (1832.) 
Mr. Swainson (1837), Spizella and Passerculus of the Prince of 
