PYRRHULINJE. 
individuals for the remainder of the year. Their food varies with the season : during the winter and spring it consists 
principally of buds, occasioning much injury to the fruit and other trees ; while during the summer and autumn they seem 
to prefer the seeds of various plants. The nest, which is carelessly put together and shallow, is formed of small sticks, 
lined interiorly with a few fibres of roots, on the forked branch of a low tree. The female lays four or five eggs. 
3. P. rubicttla Pall. PI. enl. 145. — Loxia Pyrrhula Linn.; Em- 3. P. nipalensis Hodgs. As. Res. xix. 155. 
benza coeeinea Sander. ; Pyr. europasa Vieill. ; Pyr. vulgaris Te.mm. 4. P. ? epauletta Hodgs. As. Res. xix. 155 
2. P. erythrocephala Vigors, Proc. Z. S. 1831. 174., Gould’s Cent, 
of Birds, pi. 
Uragus Keys. Bias.* 
Has the generic characters of Pyrrhula, except that the Wings have the first three quills slightly 
graduated, and the third and fourth equal and longest. Tail much lengthened, and rounded at the end. 
These biids teside in the most northern parts ot Europe during the summer, and migrate in small flocks to the 
southern provinces of Russia, &c., on the approach of winter. It is in bushy shrubs, in the neighbourhood of streams 
and torrents, that this bird is usually found ; and seeds, especially those of the Artemisia, seem to constitute its principal 
food. 
U. sibiricus (Pall.) — Pyrrhula caudata Pall. Zoogr. t. 37. ; Pyrr. longicauda Temm. 
Strobilophaga Vieill. -f- 
Bill short, with the base as broad as high, the culmen much arched, and the sides somewhat com- 
pressed ; the gonys lengthened and advancing upwards; and the nostrils basal, and hidden by the 
frontal plumes. Wings moderate, with the second and third quills longest. Tail rather long, broad, 
and somewhat forked. T 'arsi as long as the middle toe, and strongly scutellated ; the lateral toes unequal, 
and the inner the shortest ; the claws slender, acute, and slightly curved. 
These birds inhabit during the summer the northern parts of Europe, Asia, and America, where they reside mostly 
in the pine forests, &c., and migrate more southerly on the approach of winter. The seeds and berries of various 
alpine tiecs and plants form theii food. Their nest is composed of dry sticks and small twigs, lined with feathers, and 
is generally placed in trees. The female deposits four eggs. 
1. S. enucleator (Linn.) Gould’s B. of Eur. pi., Wils. Amer. Orn. 3. S. sipahi Hodgs. As. Res. xix. 151. 
pi. 5. f. 2. — Loxia psittacea Pall.; Loxia Flamingo Sparr. Mus. 4. S. subhimachalus Hodgs. As. Res. xix. 151. 
Carls, t. 17. var. 
2. S. caucasica (Pall.) — Loxia rubicilla Guldenst. Nov. Com. 
Petrop. xix. 463. t. 12. 
* Established by Count Keyserling and Prof. Blasius, in their Wirbelthiere Europa’s, 1 840, p. 40. 
+ Established by Vieillot ( Analyse , p. 2 9-) in 1816, in the place of Pinicola, which he had proposed in 1807. In 1817, Cuvier used 
Corythus for this division. 
October , 1844. 
