BUCER0TIN2E. 
Buceros Linn .* 
Bill large, more or less long, broad at the base, and more or less surmounted by a helmet of various 
shapes, with the culmen curved, and the sides much compressed to the tip, which is pointed ; the 
lateral margins smooth m the young, and more or less jagged in the adult ; the nostrils basal and lateral, 
with the opening small, exposed, and rounded. Wings rather short, with the third quill nearly as long 
as the fourth and fifth, which are equal and longest. Tail generally long, broad, and more or less 
graduated. Tarsi rather short, robust, and covered in front with broad, transverse, strong scales. 
Toes rather long, broad ; the outer toe longer than the inner, both united at the base, especially the 
outer, the union of which is continued to the second joint; the hind toe long, strong, and strongly 
scutellated above; the claws strong, long, curved, and acute. The face and throat more or less naked, 
and the latter sometimes furnished with a gular pouch. 
The species of this genus are found in Africa, India, and its archipelago. They are usually observed singly, or 
m small or large parties, in the dense forests or jungles, perched or squatted longitudinally on the highest branches, 
especially those of elevated and decayed trees in the neighbourhood of rivers. On the approach of daylight they leave 
their roostmg-places, and proceed to the neighbouring forests in search of fruit-bearing trees, hopping from branch to 
branch for the fruits which constitute their food, and when evening returns they again repair to the place that they l ad 
left at daylight. When they have cleared one neighbourhood of its food, they resort to a fresh locality ; which occasions 
them to be observed at different periods in various places. It is stated by some writers that these birds also feed on 
carrion, small quadrupeds, birds, and reptiles, pressing them flat in their bills then tossing them in the air, catching 
them in their mouths, and swallowing them whole. Their flight is heavy and straight, generally at a considerable 
height ; and they make a remarkable noise in striking the air with their wings. The cry consists of a short hoarse croak, 
but when the bird is excited this is changed to a loud discordant noise. They perforate the trunks of trees from the 
side, making a hollow in the wood, in which the nest is formed ; and the female lays usually four ego- s . 
1. B. rhinoceros Linn. PI, enl. 934., Levaill. Ois. d’Am. et Ind. 
t. 2. (bill), Edwards’s Birds, pi. 281. B. (bill), Levaill. Ois. d’Am. 
et Ind. t. 1. (entire bird), Shaw’s Nat. Misc. pi. 41. — Buceros 
africanus Gmel. ; B. sylvestris Vieill. Ois. d’Am. & Ind. t. 13. ; 
B. lunatus Temm. PI. col. 546.; Type of Tragopan Moehr. 
(1752). 
2. B. bicornis Linn. Levaill. Ois. d’Am. et Ind. t. 7, 8. t. 4, 5. 
Buceros cristatus Vieill. 
3. ? B. Homrai Hodgs. As. Res. 1833. p. I69. pi B. cavatus 
Shaw, Gould, Cent, of Birds, pi. 
4. B. coronatus Bodd. PI. enl. 873 Buceros monoceros Shaw, 
Levaill. Ois. d’Am. et Ind. t. 9, 10, 11, 12. 
5. B. pica Scop. Sonn. Yoy. Ind. t. 121. — Buceros malabaricus 
Gmel. Edwards’s Birds, pi. 281. D., Levaill. Ois. d’Am. et Ind. t. 
14. ; B. albirostris Shaw, Nat. Misc. pi. 809. ; B. leucogaster Blyth ; 
B. bicolor Eyton. 
6. B. convexus Teram. PI. col. 530. 
7- B. violaceus Shaw, Levaill. Ois. d’Am. et Ind. t. 19. 
8. B. malayanus Raffl. Linn. Trans, xiii. p. 292. — Buceros 
anthracicus Temm. PI. col. 529. ; B. pusaran Raffl. ?■ 
9- B. buccinator Temm. PI. col. 284. 
| 10. B. cristatus Rupp. Faun. Abyss, t. 1. 
11. B. atratus Temm. PI. col. 558. 
12. B. galcritus Temm. PI. co.. 520. 
13. B. elatus Temm. PI. col. 521. f. 1. 
14. B. cylindricus Temm. PI. col. 521. f. 2. 
15. B. hydrocorax Linn. PI. enl. 283. Levaill. Ois. d’Am. et Ind. 
t. 6., Levaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 240. 
16. B. comat us Raffl. Linn. Trans, xiii, p.339., Verh. Natuurl. 
Gesch. t. 4. 
17- B. scutatus Bodd. PI. enl. 933. — Buceros galeatus Gtnel. 
Edwards’s Birds, pi. 281. f. c., Mag. de Zool. 1835. Ois. t. 38. 
18. B. plicatus Lath. Levaill. Ois. d’Afr. t. 239. Buceros un- 
dulates Shaw ; B. niger Vieill. Levaill. Ois. d’Am. et Ind. t. 20, 
21. ; B. javanicus Shaw ; B. javanus Vieill. Levaill. Ois. d’Am. et 
Ind. t. 22. ; B. subruficollis Blyth. 
19- B. ruficollis Vieill. PI. col. 557., La Peyr. &Lahill. Voy. t. H- 
20. B. corrugatus Temm. PI. col. 531. — Buceros rugosus 
Begbie; B. gracilis Temm. PI. col. 535. 
21. ? B. lugubris Begbie, Malay Penins. 1834. p. 
22. B. cassidix Temm. PI. col. 210., Verh. Natuurl. Gesch. t- 
4. bis. 
* Established by Linnams in 1748. Caryocatactes of Mcehring (1752) and Hydrocorax of Brisson ( 1 760) are synonymous. It embraces 
Tragopan of Moehring (1752) and Tockus of M. Lesson (1831). ' 
