PICINiE. 
singly on the branches and trunks of trees. These they examine, while climbing on the bark, for the insects that are 
hidden in the cracks ; and they also look for those that lie concealed beneath the bark in the decayed wood, which they 
dig into by means of then- bills, until they have made a hole sufficiently large to enable them to procure the grubs. So 
rapid are the repeated strokes of the bill against the wood, that the head is scarcely seen to move. Berries and seeds 
also form a portion of their subsistence. They climb the trunks and branches of trees with case and quickness, in a 
perpendicular and spiral direction, by means of their claws and rigid tail. The eggs are usually four or five in number, 
and they are deposited in holes made by the bird in the decayed trunks of trees. 
1. P. major Linn. PL eel. 196. 5Q5. — Picus cissa Pall. 
2. P. medius Linn. PI. enl. 611. — Pious cynjEdus Pall. 
3. P. minor Linn. PI. enl. 598. — Picns pipra Pall. 
4. P. leuconotus Bechst. Orn. Taschenb. i. 66., Werner’s Atlas 
to Temm. Man. pi. — Picus ciriis rail. 
5. P. numidus Malli. Faun. Orn. Sicil. 
6. P. cathpharius Hodgs. Journ. As. Soc. Betig. 1843. 1006. 
7- P- lilliottii Jerd. Madr. Journ. Lit. & Sci. xi. p. 212. 
8. P. zizuki Temm. PI. col. 
p. P. Macei Vieill. Gray, 111. Ind. Zool. i. pi. 32. 
10. P. Wagleri Hartl. Cat. Brem. Mus. Vogel. — Picus Macei 
Temm. I’l. col. 59- f. 2. 
11. P . mahrattensis Lath. — Picus hoemosomus Wagl., Gould, 
Cent, of Birds, pi. 51. 
12. P. brunnifrons Vigors, Proc. Z. S. 1831. p. 1 7 6., Gould, Cent, 
of Birds, pi. 52. — Picus aurifrons Vigors. 
13. P. hyperythrus Vigors, Proc. Z. S. 1831. 23., Gould, Cent, 
of Birds, pi. 50. 
14. P. himalayanus Jard. & Selby, 111. Orn. pi. Ilf). 
15. P. molucccnsis Ginel. PI. enl. 748. f. 1. — Picus bicolor 
Gmel. PI. enl. 748. f. 2. ; P. variegates I, nth. ; P. pygmteus Vigors. 
l6‘. P. nanus Vigors, Proc. Z. S. 1831. 172. 
1 7* P. guineensis (Scop.) Sonn. Voy. t. 35 Picus cardir.alis Gmel. 
18. P. querulus Wils. Amer. Orn. pi. 15. f. 1. — Picus leucotis 
III. ; P. borealis Vieill. Ois. d’Amer, Sept. t. 122.; P. Vieillotii 
Wagl. Audub. B. of Amer. pi. 389. 
19- P. villosus Linn. PI. enl. 754., Wils. Amer. Orn.pl. 9- f- !•» 
Vieill. Ois. d’Amer. Sept. t. 120., Audub. B. of Amer. pi. 416. f. 1, -• 
20. P. leucomelas (Bodd.) PI enl. 345., Audub. B. of Amer. pb 
417. f. 7. — Picus canadensis Gmel. ; P. leucomelanos Wagl. 
21. P. Philipsii Audub. B. of Amer. pi. 417. f. 5, 6. 
22. P. Martinre Audub. B. of Amer. pi. 417- f. 1- 2. 
23. P. Harrisii Audub. B. of Amer. pi. 417. f- 8, 9- — Picus in- 
carnatus Licht. 
24. P. Gardneri Audub. Orn. Biogr. v. 31 7- 
25. P. Auduboni Trudeau, Journ. Acad. Nat. Pliilad. vii. 404., 
Audub. B. of Amer. pi. 417. f. 
26. P. pubescens Linn. Wils. Amer. Orn. pi. Q. f. 4., Vieill. Ois. 
d’Amer. Sept. 1. 121., Audub. B. of Amer. pi. 1 12. 
27. P. medianus Swains. Faun. Bor. Amer. p. 308. 
28. P. meridionalis Swains. Faun. Bor. Amer. p. 308. 
29. P. lignarius Mol. — Picus melanocephalus King ; P. punc- 
ticeps D’Orb.; P. Kingii G. li. Gray. 
30. P. cactorum D’Orb. Voy. de l’Amer. Mer. Ois. t. 62. f. 2. 
31. P. eancellatus Wagl. Isis, 1829. p. 510. 
32. P . obsolctus Wagl. Isis, 1829. p. 510. 
33. P. scalaris Wagl. Isis, 1829. p. 51 1. 
34. P. varius Linn. PI. enl. 785., Wils. Amer. Orn. pi. 8. f. 1, 2., 
pi. 9' f- 2., Vieill. Ois. d’Amer. Sept. t. 118., Audub. B. of Amer. 
pi. 190. 
35. P. tricolor Gmel. Sebte Thes. t. 64. f. 6. 
Campfpiulus.* 
Bill lengthened, the base broader than high ; the gonys lengthened and advancing upwards ; the 
nostrils basal, lateral, and concealed by the projecting plumes. Wings long and pointed, with the third, 
fourth, and fifth quills the longest. Tail long, graduated, and acuminated. Tarsi short, and covered 
with broad transverse scales in front. Toes unequal, the outer posterior toe longer than the outer 
anterior one, the inner posterior toe very short ; the claws long, compressed, and much curved. 
These birds are seen in the vast forests and the newly cultivated grounds of the New World, and the Indian 
archipelago. They are usually observed on the lofty branches and trunks of the trees, especially those of the swamps, 
busily engaged in detaching large pieces of bark with their bills, with a view of procuring their food, which lies 
concealed beneath, and consists of insects in their various states. They also attack, when in season, the grapes and berries 
that are found in the virgin forests and orchards. Their flight is graceful, undulating, and rarely prolonged beyond 
proceeding from tree to tree, and then it is performed in a single sweep. The eggs arc placed in holes made with the 
bill in the trunks of trees, to various depths, from a foot to three feet. They are generally four to six in number. 
3 1. 
* Established in my List of the Genera of Birds, in 1840, p. 54. 
