Order IV. COLUMBJE; 
Family I. Coiajmbidje. 
The third Subfamily, 
G0URIN7E, or Ground Pigeons, 
have the Bill moderate, move or leas slender, straight, with the apical portion generally strong and 
vaulted ; the Wings moderate and pointed; the Tail moderate, and rounded on the sides; the Tarsi as 
iong as, ’or longer than, the middle toe, and robust ; the Toes long, and margined on their sides with a 
membrane, and the hind toe usually long and slender; the Claws short and curved. 
COLUMBINA Spix.* 
slender, straight, with the tip vaulted and arched, the gonys 
he nostrils lateral, membranous, and linear. Wings moderate, 
Tail lengthened, and rounded on the sides. Tarsi 
Toes moderate, margined on tlieir sides with a membrane, and 
i lrvnc 
thp. outer one: the claws short and curved. 
Bill shorter than the head, very 
lengthened and curved upwards ; 
with the first to the third quills equal and longest, 
shorter than the middle toe, and robust, 
the lateral ones nearly equal ; the hind toe 
These pretty little birds are peculiar 
1. C .picul (Temm.) Pig. et Gall, p.435., Knip et Prev. Pig 
t. 30. 
2. C. strep items SpiXj Av. Bras. ii. t. /5. f. 1* 
3. C. campestris Spix, Av. Bras. ii. t. 75. f. 2., Temm. PI. col. 
341. f. 1. 
to the warmer parts of South America. 
4. C. erythrothorax Meyen, Acad. Nat. Curios. 1 833. t. 26 
Columba monticola Tschudi . 
5. C. gracilis (Tschudi), Wiegm. Arch. 1843. 385. 
6. C. ? meloda (Tschudi), Wiegm. Arch. 1843. 385. 
Zenaida Pr. Botiap.f 
Bill straight and slender, with the tip of the upper mandible vaulted and arched ; the nostrils lateral, 
and near the middle of the bill. Wings long, with the first quill shorter than the second, which is the 
longest Tail moderate and much rounded. Tarsi robust, shorter than the middle toe, with the toes 
margined on their sides with a membrane. Toes long, free at the base, with the lateral toes nearly equal ; 
the hind toe long and slender . 
... v f West Indies and tlic Galapagos are the localities of these small pigeons ; they are always found 
on fire ground, wlere they are most commonly observed dusting themselves, and seeking for their food. When flushed, 
they produce a whistling noise with their wings. 
* Established by *•««.) m 1825.^ ^ ^ of Europe an d North America, which was published in 1838. 
